Conditional probability distributions seem to have a bad reputation when it comes to rigorous treatment of conditioning. Technical arguments are published as manipulations of Radon±Nikodym derivatives, although we all secretly perform heuristic calculations using elementary de®nitions of conditional probabilities. In print, measurability and averaging properties substitute for intuitive ideas a...

As diferenças epistemológicas entre Skinner e Platão são amplamente conhecidas. Contudo, no âmbito político, parece aproximar-se de Platão, inclusive mencionando a República como uma inspiração para Walden two. Partindo dessa afinidade, este artigo tem o objetivo explicitar semelhanças políticas two República. Para evitar um anacronismo com termo ‘política’, em obras temporal culturalmente dife...

Skinner discussed the topic of motivation in every chapter of the book Verbal Behavior (1957), usually with his preferred terminology of "deprivation, satiation, and aversive stimulation." In the current paper, direct quotations are used to systematically take the reader through 30 separate points made by Skinner in Verbal Behavior that collectively provide a comprehensive analysis of his posit...

When a reinforcement is delivered according to a fixed-ratio schedule, it has been found that responding occurs in a specific temporal pattern (Ferster & Skinner, 1957). Periods of no responding characteristically follow the delivery of the reinforcer. Once responding begins, it assumes a very high rate of several responses per second. The resulting performance is bivalued; responding occurs ei...

We frame behavior in classical conditioning experiments as the product of normative statistical inference. According to this theory, animals learn an internal model of their environment from experience. The basic building blocks of this internal model are latent causes-explanatory constructs inferred by the animal that partition observations into coherent clusters. Generalization of conditioned...

This article provides an overview of the published research of John Gibbon. It describes his experimental research on scalar timing and his development of scalar timing theory. It also describes his methods of research which included mathematical analysis, conditioning methods, psychophysical methods and secondary data analysis. Finally, it describes his application of scalar timing theory to a...

9 W. G. Penney, Phys. Rev., 39, 467 (1932). 10 See for example, H. Weyl, Gruppentheorie, p. 159; H. Honl, Zeit. f. Phys., 31, 340 (1925). 11 H. W. B. Skinner, Proc. Roy. Soc., A112, 642 (1926); H. W. B. Skinner and E. T. S. Appleyard, Proc. Roy. Soc., A117, 224 (1927); B. Quarder, Zeit. f. Phys., 41, 674 (1927); A. Ellett, P. D. Foote and F. L. Mohler, Phys. Rev., 27, 31 (1926); J. A. Eldridge ...

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