We present the case of a patient who developed periorbital ecchymosis (panda sign) following an exacerbation of asthma with severe coughing. There was no history of cranial trauma. Investigations for a structural or haematological cause were negative. The panda sign is typically seen following a base of skull fracture, but rarely reported due to severe coughing.

non-penetrating head injuries associated with skull base fractures can lead to the development of pneumocephalus upon airs ingress, which leads its course in the subarachnoid space. intracerebral air accumulation is rare and ensuses when a paranasal sinus fracture is associated with a ensues when a paranasal sinus fracture is associated with a nearby parenchymal contusion. a 25-year old man is ...

Data are given of a consecutive series of 225 cases with depressed skull fracture, admitted within 48 hours after the accident. The series is considered to represent the full range of this type of injury in a densely populated area in the Netherlands. The predominance of young male patients with a compound fracture is stressed. The data are compared with other series. The results of long-term f...

Non-accidental injury (NAI) in children includes orthopaedic trauma throughout the skeleton. Fractures with soft-tissue injuries constitute the majority of manifestations of physical abuse in children. Fracture and injury patterns vary with age and development, and NAI is intrinsically related to the mobility of the child. No fracture in isolation is pathognomonic of NAI, but specific abuse-rel...

OBJECTIVES To clarify the patterns of frontobasal and frontosinal fractures in children and teenagers and to analyze whether the patterns relate to developmental stage of the facial skeleton. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Level I trauma center in Bern, Switzerland. PATIENTS Forty-three consecutive patients aged 18 years or younger with fracture of the frontal skull base. MAIN OUTC...