Although caused by vastly different pathogens, the world's three most serious infectious diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV-1 infection, share the common problem of drug resistance. The pace of drug development has been very slow for tuberculosis and malaria and rapid for HIV-1. But for each disease, resistance to most drugs has appeared quickly after the introduction of the drug. Learnin...

Genetically modified mice with deficiency of the G protein α-subunit (G(s)α) in skeletal muscle showed metabolic abnormality with reduced glucose tolerance, low muscle mass, and low contractile force, along with a fast-to-slow-fiber-type switch (Chen M, Feng HZ, Gupta D, Kelleher J, Dickerson KE, Wang J, Hunt D, Jou W, Gavrilova O, Jin JP, Weinstein LS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296: C930-C940,...

The electrical membrane properties of subthalamic (STH) neurons and their response characteristics to stimulation of the internal capsule (IC) were studied in an in vitro slice preparation. Most STH neurons recorded exhibited spontaneous repetitive firing. The input resistance of STH neurons was 146 +/- 48 M omega and showed both an anomalous and a delayed rectification when the membrane was hy...

this survey-study carried out among 360 randomly selected farmers living in drought-prone areas of fars province, iran, set out to investigate the perceptions and psychologi-cal coping strategies of farmers when facing drought. results showed that farmers per-ceived drought as a threat to all of their resources (material, conditions, personal, social and energies) and used emotion-focused and r...

conclusions the scf phenomenon is relatively frequent, particularly among patients with acute coronary syndrome who are scheduled for coronary angiography. hypertension, a low hdl-c level, and high hemoglobin level can be considered independent predictors of this phenomenon. results among the 3600 patients scheduled for selective coronary angiography, 75 (2%) met the scf criteria. scf and neca ...

Strong electrical stimulation (ES) of the frog glossopharyngeal (GP) efferent nerve induced slow depolarizing potentials (DPs) in taste cells under hypoxia. This study aimed to elucidate whether the slow DPs were postsynaptically induced in taste cells. After a block of parasympathetic nerve (PSN) ganglia by tubocurarine, ES of GP nerve never induced slow DPs in the taste cells, so slow DPs wer...

From somata of the pacemaker neurons in the Squilla heart ganglion, pacemaker potentials for the spontaneous periodic burst discharge are recorded with intracellular electrodes. The electrical activity is composed of slow potentials and superimposed spikes, and is divided into four types, which are: (a) "mammalian heart" type, (b) "slow generator" type, (c) "slow grower" type, and (d) "slow def...

BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is threatening to make gonorrhoea untreatable. Point-of-care (POC) tests that detect resistance promise individually tailored treatment, but might lead to more treatment and higher levels of resistance. We investigate the impact of POC tests on antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea. METHODS We used data about the prevalence and incidence of gonorrhoea in men who hav...