Currently, acoustic spoken language recognition (SLR) and phonotactic SLR systems are widely used language recognition systems. To achieve better performance, researchers combine multiple subsystems with the results often much better than a single SLR system. Phonotactic SLR subsystems may vary in the acoustic features vectors or include multiple language-specific phone recognizers and differen...

Learning to program a computer has long been recognised as a difficult task for novices [1]. This has resulted in introductory programming courses suffering high drop-out rates [2] and many first-time programmers making little progress in their studies [3]. Programming is also associated with several negative stereotypes. These include the misconceptions that programming is so complex that most...

OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic literature review (SLR) informing the 2016 update of the recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS An SLR for the period between 2013 and 2016 was undertaken to assess the efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs), conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) (tofaciti...

During the International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS) Epoch’92 campaign a special sub-campaign was organized to occupy all WEGENER/MEDLAS SLR sites with Trimble SST GPS receivers. This campaign, WEGENER/GPS-92, was initiated by the Institute for Applied Geodesy in cooperation with Delft University of Technology. The purpose was to observe the whole SLR network, for the first time, with GPS...

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the logical link control (LLC) layer and the Transmission control protocol (TCP) layer in General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) networks. We evaluate the uplink throughput and delay performance of GPRS-LLC protocol with radio link control (RLC) layer using block level retransmission (BLR), as defined in the current GPRS standards, and compare it with ...

Uncertainties in the human dimensions of global change deeply affect the assessment and responses to climate change impacts such as sea-level rise (SLR). This paper explores the uncertainties in the assessment process and in state-level policy and management responses of three US states to SLR. The findings reveal important political, economic, managerial, and social factors that enable or cons...

A novel planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with triple-notched bands using triple-mode stub loaded resonator (SLR) is presented in this paper. The basic UWB antenna consists of a circularshaped radiating element, a 50Ω microstrip feed line, and a partially truncated ground plane. Then, the resonance properties of the SLR are studied. Results reveal that the multiple-mode property of the SLR ca...

This paper describes the collection efforts for SpeechDat Cymru, a 2000-speaker database for Welsh, a minority language spoken by about 500,000 of the Welsh population. The database is part of the SpeechDat(II) project. General database details are discussed insofar as they affect recruitment strategies, and likely differences between minority language spoken language resource (SLR) and general...

In previous work the author has introduced a lambda calculus SLR with modal and linear types which serves as an extension of Bellantoni–Cook’s function algebra BC to higher types. It is a step towards a functional programming language in which all programs run in polynomial time. In this paper we develop a semantics of SLR using BCK-algebras consisting of certain polynomial-time algorithms. It ...

Torque motor produced stretch of upper limb muscles results in two distinct reflex peaks in the electromyographic activity. Whereas the short-latency reflex (SLR) response is mediated largely by the spinal monosynaptic reflex pathway, the longer-latency reflex (LLR) is suggested to involve a transcortical loop. For the SLRs, patterns of heteronymous monosynaptic Ia connections have been well-st...