6 Wind energy is one of the most promising option for the renewable energy. Finding optimum set of locations for wind turbines in a wind farm so that the total energy output of the farm is maximum, is usually referred as the wind farm layout optimization problem (WFLOP). This article presents the solution of WFLOP using a recent unconventional optimization algorithm, Biogeography Based Optimiza...

This work assesses the participation of wind power plants in primary frequency control support. To participate in frequency control-related tasks, the wind power plants have to maintain a certain level of power reserves. In this article, the wind power plant is equipped with a flywheel-based storage system to fulfil the power reserve requirements set by the network operator. The article focuses...

Despite rapid and vast development of wind turbines across the Canadian province of Ontario, there is no map available indicating the location of each wind turbine. A map of this nature is crucial for health and environmental risk research and has many applications in other fields. Research examining health and wind turbines is limited by the available maps showing the nearest community to a wi...

In the present research a new viral systems optimization algorithm is developed to find the optimal number and position of wind turbines in large wind farms with the main objective of minimizing the cost per unit power produced from the wind park. The developed algorithm is applied to three well known problems in literature which are: 1) constant wind speed and unidirectional uniform wind, 2) c...

Wind turbine blades being struck by lightning is one of the most urgent problems facing wind farms. In order to reduce the probability of lightning accidents on wind farms, this paper presents a new electro-geometric model for multiple turbines. In this new model, based on the physical model of lightning leader development, the striking distance range of the blade tip receptor is calculated, ta...

This paper introduces the concepts of platformless DC connections of offshore wind turbines. First, the paper describes the possible and preferred wind turbine drivetrain arrangements capable of producing sufficiently high DC voltage. Then, the electrical system designs appropriate for the platformless DC architectures are discussed. After that, the potential economic benefits of direct DC conn...

As wind turbines get larger, worries have emerged that the turbine noise would move down in frequency and that the low-frequency noise would cause annoyance for the neighbors. The noise emission from 48 wind turbines with nominal electric power up to 3.6 MW is analyzed and discussed. The relative amount of low-frequency noise is higher for large turbines (2.3-3.6 MW) than for small turbines (≤ ...

Worldwide there is a rush toward wind power development and its associated infrastructure. In Fennoscandia, large-scale wind farms comprising several hundred windmills are currently built in important grazing ranges used for Sámi reindeer husbandry. In this study, reindeer habitat use was assessed using reindeer fecal pellet group counts in relation to two relatively small wind farms, with 8 an...