Contract violations are critical issues determining the success and sustainability of contract farming (CF). This paper challenges common portrayal “powerful” company versus “powerless” landowners/smallholders by using literature on labour agency in global value chains to understand minor farmers such, as side-selling, refusal harvest, burning/felling oil palm trees. conceptualizes these acts o...

Agricultural technology adoption is germane for improved farm efficiency and productivity. Thus, the socioeconomic determinants of maize production technologies among smallholders were analyzed. Primary data collected via multi-stage sampling from 101 respondents was empirically evaluated using descriptive statistics Logit regression. The respondent’s factors affected adoption. Several availabl...

Abstract The strategic focus of food retailers on stringent product requirements and the logistical management fresh produce from farm to shelf have often been seen as raising barriers for smallholders, thus leading exclusion resource-constrained farmers. Our study contributes research inclusion smallholders in modern agri-food value chains integration their perspectives studies dynamics throug...