Neurons projecting from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) to the spinal cord were antidromically identified in rats anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed, and ventilated. The sites of lowest antidromic threshold were concentrated in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML). Their axonal conduction velocities were distributed bimodally, with the mean of the rapidly conducting fibers (greater th...

This contribution presents a modeling approach for describing social issues in knowledge organizations. Social issues are one key factor in knowledge organizations for its business success. In the first part, a knowledge organization is described as a socio-technical system with heterarchic structures. Then modes for exploring social structures using Social Network Analysis (SNA) are introduced...

Recommender systems are essential to overcome the information overload problem in professional learning environments. In this paper, we investigate interest-based recommendation in academic networks using social network analytics (SNA) methods. We implemented 21 different recommendation approaches based on traditional Collaborative Filtering (CF), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-based RS, Tr...

Many observations have reported glycosylation changes associated with apoptosis in different biological systems, although none of these has shown any general significance. In this work, we show that in cell lines from different histological origin, (colon, breast, pancreas, and bladder cancer) as well as in normal human and mice neutrophils, apoptosis is accompanied by the exposure of sugar cha...

High-salt diet elevates NaCl concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid to increase sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in salt-sensitive hypertension. The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) resides along the rostral wall of the third ventricle, lacks a complete blood-brain barrier, and plays a pivotal role in body fluid homeostasis. Therefore, the present study used a multifaceted ...

We use a chemical transport model to examine the change of sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA) aerosols over China due to anthropogenic emission changes of their precursors (SO2, NOx and NH3) from 2000 to 2015. From 2000 to 2006, annual mean SNA concentrations increased by about 60 % over China as a result of the 60 % and 80 % increases in SO2 and NOx emissions. During this period, sulfate is the do...

AIMS Bradycardic agents are currently used in the treatment of angina and heart failure; direct information on their effects on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) may be relevant to their chronic use. The present study evaluates the effect of pacemaker inhibition on SNA; direct nerve recordings and indirect autonomic indexes are compared. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed i...

Over the past several decades, studies of the sympathetic nervous system in humans, sheep, rabbits, rats, and mice have substantially increased mechanistic understanding of cardiovascular function and dysfunction. Recently, interest in sympathetic neural mechanisms contributing to blood pressure control has grown, in part because of the development of devices or surgical procedures that treat h...

Starting in 1967, Edward E. Mason, a surgeon at the University of Iowa, boldly advocated and performed gastric bypass for intractable morbid obesity. Since then, bariatric surgery has emerged as the only proven effective treatment for morbid obesity, resulting in substantial and sustained weight loss and striking beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitu...

BACKGROUND Although the hemodynamic changes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) have been extensively studied, the neural changes remain unclear. We hypothesized that AF is associated with an increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and that the irregular ventricular response contributes to this state of sympathoexcitation. METHODS AND RESULTS In 8 patients referred for an electrophy...