OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations of women's autonomy and social support with infant and young child feeding practices (including consumption of highly processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages) and nutritional status in rural Nicaragua. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Feeding practices and children's nutritional status were evaluated according to the WHO guidelines complemented with ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation of oral health home-care practices, snacking habits and dental caries experience among 3-15 year-old-HIV-positive children attending out-patient clinic at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING Kenyatta National Hospital comprehensive care centre out-patient clinic. SUBJECTS Two hundred and twenty par...

PURPOSE To assess the effect of consuming a mid-morning almond snack (28 and 42 g) tested against a negative control of no almonds on acute satiety responses. METHOD On three test days, 32 healthy females consumed a standard breakfast followed by 0, 28 or 42 g of almonds as a mid-morning snack and then ad libitum meals at lunch and dinner. The effect of the almond snacks on satiety was assess...

Results A negative correlation was found between the change in average vertical jump height and protein intake. Total body mass increased by 0.6 ± 1.1 kg (p<.001), and percent body fat decreased by 1.1 ± 0.9 (p<.001). Fat-free mass increased by 1.3 ± 1.1 kg (p<.001), fat-mass decreased by 0.7 ± 0.7 (p<.001). Averaged 600 meter times decreased by 1.2 ± 1.8 seconds (p<.001). Peak LPI (LPI) and av...

Recent data indicate that salivary stimulation by chewing sugarless gum after snacks or meals can reduce the acidogenic potential of foods significantly. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal initiation time and duration of post-snack salivary stimulation to obtain the maximum benefits of chewing sorbitol gum on reducing the acidogenic potential of starch-containing snacks. An ...

OBJECTIVE Snacks, stress and parties all contribute to the weight gain – the elusive ‘Freshman 15’ – that some college-goers unfortunately experience. The present study examines how a` la carte snack choice changes on a university campus during each progressing week of the academic calendar. DESIGN How a` la carte snack choices change on a university campus with each progressing week of the a...

OBJECTIVES To assess individual, social, and family environmental factors related to fruit and vegetable intake among white and black adolescents aged 11-15 years (n=736). METHODS Self-report questionnaire. RESULTS Preferences, availability at home, family dinner frequency, snack choice, self-efficacy, modeling, normative beliefs, and social outcome expectations were significant associates ...

Cleaner wrasses are a model for the study of animal cooperation. Prospective clients can observe whether the cleaner works faithfully, and cleaners being watched remove just parasites while those that are not, nip the client for a tastier snack.

Many casual exercisers and competitive athletes believe they should avoid food for several hours before they exercise or compete. Others wonder if they should snack, perhaps on an energy bar before a soccer game. And a few are so nervous that even the thought of food is nauseating.