OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS For a wide exposure of skull base and preservation of septal mucosa, we have raised bilateral modified nasoseptal rescue flaps in the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) and evaluated the usefulness of these flaps elevation. STUDY DESIGN Case series. METHODS The study population comprised the patients who underwent EETSA with bilateral modified nasose...

Objective A locally disturbed commensal microbiome might be an etiological factor in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in general and in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) in particular. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been suggested to restore commensal microbiomes. A honeybee LAB microbiome consisting of various lactobacilli and bifidobacteria have been found potent against CRS pathogens in vitro. ...

Background Sinonasal disease is prevalent and impacts on quality of life, the Modified SNOT-20 (MSNOT-20) questionnaire aims to provide a complete assessment of rhinitis /rhinosinusitis and its impact. Following a pilot study evaluation, the main project assessed the prevalence of rhinitis/rhinosinusitis in a community based survey in Farnborough, UK. A sub group was invited for clinical examin...

In The Matrix, the celebrated movie premised on a brains-in-a-vat scenario, there is an interesting conversation among “the rebels”, i.e., persons living in the devastated physical world of the 22 nd century, who originally acquired their concepts in the virtual reality of “the Matrix”, a computer program feeding artificially generated humans, nurtured in complete sensory isolation from physica...

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an allergic response characterized by type 2 inflammatory reactions mediated T helper cells (Th2). Th2 elevated cytokines related to the humoral response, including Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-25 and IL-33. Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) a distinguishable form of CRSwNP primary localized disea...

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often have to endure significant wait times for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The pyschiatric impact of placement on a waitlist for ESS has not been explored. METHODS Questionnaires measuring CRS symptom severity and health-related anxiety and stress (SNOT-22, HADS, WPAI-GH) were sent to patients diagnosed with CRS and currently on a wai...

BACKGROUND Although balloon sinus dilation is a treatment option for adults with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), there have been few studies performed in pediatric patients. METHODS This study was designed as a prospective, multicenter, single-arm investigation. Children (2 to 21 years old) with CRS who had failed medical management were treated with balloon sinus dilation and followed to 6 mon...

In many practical situations, we only know a few first moments of a random variable, and out of all probability distributions which are consistent with this information, we need to select one. When we know the first two moments, we can use the Maximum Entropy approach and get normal distribution. However, when we know the first three moments, the Maximum Entropy approach doe snot work. In such ...