Extensive evidence from laboratory experiments indicates that many individuals are willing to use costly punishment to enforce social norms, even in one-shot interactions. However, there appears to be little evidence in the literature of such behavior in the field. We study the propensity to punish norm violators in a natural field experiment conducted in the main subway station in Athens, Gree...

In this paper we propose that “norms-based” intellectual property systems exist and are an important complement to or substitute for law-based intellectual property systems. Normsbased IP systems operate on social norms that are held in common by members of a given community and specify the nature and extent of rights that a group member can assert to intellectual property. They also include pr...

The inpatient setting is often a missed opportunity for the introduction of technology to promote health using behavioral techniques. Nurses are stakeholders in the implementation of technology for patients in the inpatient setting and are essential for the determination of feasibility and relevance. The objective of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers for introduction of healt...

Formal approaches to modelling argumentation provide ways to present arguments and counterarguments, and to evaluate which arguments are, in a formal sense, warranted. While these proposals allow for evaluating object-level arguments and counterarguments, they do not give sufficient consideration to evaluating the proponents of the arguments. Yet in everyday life we consider both the contents o...

Volunteer managers face a typical marketing problem: how to identify the right consumers (in this case, volunteers), attract them, and keep them loyal. In multicultural societies this challenge is amplified because of the different groups originating from countries that can vary significantly in terms of the extent of volunteering and reasons for being involved. The consequence of this heteroge...

ACCA works in the public interest, assuring that its members are appropriately regulated for the work they carry out, and promoting principles-based approaches to regulation. We actively seek to enhance the public value of accounting in society through international research, and we take a progressive stance on global issues to ensure accountancy as a profession continues to grow in reputation ...

In this paper, we discuss the real options theory and its applications in IT investment evaluation. We provide a framework within which the appropriateness of using real options theory in strategic IT investment evaluation is systematically justified. In our framework, IT investment opportunities are classified into four categories based on two criteria: the technology switching costs and the n...

According to the theory of planned behavior, human action is guided by three kinds of considerations: beliefs about the likely outcomes of the behavior and the evaluations of these outcomes (behavioral beliefs), beliefs about the normative expectations of others and motivation to comply with these expectations (normative beliefs), and beliefs about the presence of factors that may facilitate or...

An important problem in topology is to determine the effects on the function space of imposing some natural topological condition on the space X [5]. In this way, it is practical to characterize the complemented subalgebras of Banach algebras. In our investigation, we relate the second category property of [0,1] with certain properties of the complemented subalgebras of bounded real Baire-1 fun...

Ofer H. Azar* Department of Economics Northwestern University June 2003 Abstract The paper presents a model of the evolution of social norms. When a norm is costly to follow and people do not derive benefits from following it except for avoiding social disapproval, the norm erodes over time. Tip percentages, however, increased over the years, suggesting that people derive benefits from tipping,...