In the legal setting, "cause" is composed of at least two distinct components, of which only one is related to "causality" as scientists understand it. I argue that the alleged separation of the social issue of "scope of responsibility" from the objective question of scientific causality is illusory. "Scientific causality" also plays an essential social role in the legal setting.

At their worst, fires at the rural–urban or wildland–urban interface cause tragic loss of human lives and homes, but mitigating these fire effects through management elicits many social and scientific challenges. This paper addresses four interconnected management challenges posed by socially disastrous landscape fires. The issues concern various assets (particularly houses, human life and biod...

theories are conceptual frames to study social events. they are discussed in different fields in universities and have an important role in scientific investigation of different topics. various theories are set forth in international relations as an academic field that studies war. this quarterly revises iran-iraq war from these theories' point of view.

From the very beginning of the multiagent-systems paradigm, the sources of analogies between agent-based technologies and models of actual social systems fomented interdisciplinary efforts between computer and social scientists. Nowadays this trend reflects an intense interface of research across the computer and social sciences, under the umbrella of a consolidated scientific field, which is c...