Ramanathapuram is a drought-prone southern Indian district that was selected for conducting hydrogeochemical study. Groundwater samples from 40 locations were collected during January 2020 (pandemic interdiction according to COVID) and 2021. The properties of the groundwater evaluated compared with drinking water regulations assess their quality. order cation dominance as follows: Na+ > Ca2+...

A high sodium intake increases the capacity of the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) to absorb HCO(3)(-). Here, we examined the role of the apical NHE3 and basolateral NHE1 Na(+)/H(+) exchangers in this adaptation. MTALs from rats drinking H(2)O or 0.28 M NaCl for 5-7 days were perfused in vitro. High sodium intake increased HCO(3)(-) absorption rate by 60%. The increased HCO(3)(-) absorpti...

It has been recently proposed that in addition to bacteriorhodopsin, Halobacterium halobium membranes contain a second light-reactive pigment, whose function is the translocation of sodium ions. The evidence is based on the presence of light-driven, uncoupler-insensitive, sodium ion extrusion and light-driven, uncoupler-enhanced, passive proton uptake in cell envelope vesicles prepared from H....