occurs intracellularly, extracellularly, and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Adding sodium bicarbonate to the extracellular fluid causes a decrease in hydrogen ions with subsequent increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Since CO2) but not bicarbonate, readily diffuses across cell membranes and into the CSF, this leads to an increase in intracellular and CSF CO2 concentration, with co...

We measured the emf of a sodium ion-selective electrode in NaCl-NaHCO3 solutions (160 mmol of Na+, 160-120 mmol of Cl-, and 0-40 mmol HCO3- per liter) with a home-built cell in steady-state after 10 min and with two commercial direct potentiometric analyzers about 20 s after the sample was introduced. Substitution of HCO3- for Cl- resulted in a small decrease in emf. We calculated the effect of...

An investigation of small intestinal electrolyte transport was performed in a subject with congenital chloridorrhoea using a constant perfusion technique. The results indicate that the diarrhoea was not due to an abnormally high rate of secretion of fluid into the duodenum, and transport of electrolytes and glucose was normal in the jejunum. In contrast there was a marked abnormality of electro...

BACKGROUND The use of hypertonic crystalloid solutions, including sodium chloride and bicarbonate, for treating severe sepsis has been much debated in previous investigations. We have investigated the effects of three crystalloid solutions on fluid resuscitation in severe sepsis patients with hypotension. METHODS Ninety-four severe sepsis patients with hypotension were randomly assigned to th...

MALNIC, GERHARD, AND MARGARIDA DE MELLO-AIRES. Kinetic study of bicarbonate reabsorption in proximal tubule of the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 220(6) : 1759-1767. 197 1 .-Continuous recording of tubular pH was performed during stopped-flow microperfusion of rat proximal tubules with isotonic solutions containing 25 or 100 mEq/liter HCO 3, by means of an antimony microelectrode. After stabilization of ...

Early dentifrices contained natural ingredients, mostly in coarse particle form, and were quite abrasive. Salts, either sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, or a mixture of both, have also been used for tooth cleaning because of their ready availability and low cost. Because of both their relatively low intrinsic hardness and their high solubility, another advantage is low abrasivity. Their big...

In previous studies, when rabbit cortical collecting ducts were studied under standard conditions in vitro, bicarbonate transport was conditioned by the acid-base status in vivo of the animals from which the tubules were obtained. The collecting ducts absorbed bicarbonate if the animals were acidotic (from ammonium chloride administration), but they secreted bicarbonate if the animals were alka...

The effects, on respiration, of the acute administration of sodium bicarbonate were studied in 10 normal subjects. Carbon dioxide responses curves and tidal volume v. PCO2 relationships were obtained under hyperoxic conditions using a closed-circuit breathing system. During alkalosis, a decrease in the slope, and a displacement of the response curves to the right, were observed. These findings ...

on my part and repeated trial on his part, he could not swallow this small quantity of liquid and after some ineffectual attempts, the fluid came out of the corners of the mouth. Much less could he swallow any solids. Then I tried to pass a stomach tube to see whether the patient had any obstruction in the oesophagus due to a foreign body, growth, or stricture. On account of the restlessness an...

Inhalation of airborne pollen causes irritative symptoms in humans, known as pollinosis. The changing global climate and increased pollution contribute to enhance the release of pollen, thereby increasing the number of people suffering from allergies. We examined the effect of spraying weak alkaline solutions onto cedar trees, the main allergenic culprit in Japan, on pollen release. Weak alkali...