Accumulations of dormant eggs in container habitats allow Aedes aegypti populations to survive harsh environmental conditions and may frustrate control interventions directed at larval and adult life stages. While sodium hypochlorite solutions (NaOCl) have long been recognized as ovicides for use against dengue vectors, the susceptibility of eggs to spray applications has not been robustly eval...

Point-of-use (POU) water treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been proven to reduce diarrheal disease in developing countries. However, program implementation is complicated by unclear free chlorine residual guidelines for POU water treatment and difficulties in determining appropriate dosage recommendations. The author presents evidence supporting proposed criteria for household wate...

Background: Irrigation during endodontic therapy is required in order to remove debris, tissue remnants, microbes and smear layer. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Chlorhexidine (CHX) are the most commonly used irrigants. Although they are reported to have good antimicrobial effects, both have limitations. Hence, a combination of NaOCl and CHX has been proposed to compensate for these limitation...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm dissolution and cleaning ability of different irrigant solutions on intraorally infected dentin. METHODS One hundred twenty bovine dentin specimens were infected intraorally by using a removable orthodontic device. Thirty samples were used for each irrigant solution: 2% chlorhexidine and 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (Na...

Aim: To investigate the precipitate formed from interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (LA) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles on root canal dentin, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material Methods: Sixty mandibular premolars were decoronated, length standardised. The specimens randomly distributed into following groups: Group 1 (c...

During the cleaning and shaping of the root canal, various irrigants have been used to reduce the residual debris, necrotic tissue, and bacteria, as well as to remove smear layer. Though sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most common irrigant used in root canal treatment, chlorhexidine (CHX) has been suggested as either an alternative or an adjunct root canal irrigant because of its antimicrobi...

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the active ingredient in household bleach and is a very common chemical. It has been used in medical and commercial situations dating back to the 18th century for its disinfectant properties, including topical use in medicine as an antiseptic. For this indication, NaOCl is a proven and safe chemical. However, exposure of NaOCl beyond topical use, whether it is int...

AIM To evaluate the effect of diode laser and ultrasonics with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the smear layer removal from root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 mandibular premolars were decoronated to working the length of 12 mm and prepared with protaper rotary files up to size F3. Group A canals irrigated with 1 ml of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) follow...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the deproteinizing effect of bromelain enzyme and compare it with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarized microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 extracted human upper premolars were selected to be given standardized buccal and...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Eucalyptusgalbie and Myrtus communis L. methanolic extracts, chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as the predominant species isolated from infected root canals. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred twenty mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 8 groups: Eu...