A mono- and a bi-functional dithiocarbamates as sodium salts were obtained by treating p-peridine or p-perazine in aceton-water mixture with CS2 in the presence of NaOH. These anionic water soluble compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies. Both compounds (p-peridine (I) and p-perazine-bis dithiocarbam...

Ionomers are generally described by copolymers having either acrylic or methacylic acid as one component and the other component is mostly either ethylene or styrene. The objective of this research was to study the thermal behaviour and stability of ionomers of styrene with some alkali metal acrylates. These materials have been synthesized by neutralization of the respective copoly...

BMJ 1991;302:88-9 Oral rehydration solutions are highly effective for treating most patients with dehydration due to diarrhoea. Early formulations contained glucose and three salts: sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride. Subsequently, a formulation containing trisodium citrate dihydrate instead of sodium bicarbonate was shown to be more stable under high humidity and tempe...

Reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach has been implicated in the disruption of mucosal defence and the subsequent occurrence of gastric ulcer. The change produced in the rheological properties following the addition of bile salts and phospholipids to mucus samples was used to assess resultant structural changes. Sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, and lyso...

In a previous study (6) the influence of high osmotic concentrations of sodium salts and nutrient solutions upon the vegetative development of the tomato was reported, hut no data were obtained on the fruiting responses. To investigate this problem, to obtain further information on the relative toxicity of the Cland SO,= ions, and the effect of osmotic concentration, experiments were set up to ...

Alternative wastewater treatment systems combat many on-site disposal problems, but no incentives are given to householders to improve the domestic wastewater quality before treatment or disposal. While governments address phosphorus reduction programs, the effect of sodium in wastewater is ignored. Many laundry detergents use sodium salts as fillers, adding significant sodium to the wastewater...

Hygroscopic salts have been detected in soils in the northern latitudes of Mars, and widespread chloride-bearing evaporitic deposits have been detected in the southern highlands. The deliquescence of hygroscopic minerals such as chloride salts could provide a local and transient source of liquid water that would be available for microorganisms on the surface. This is known to occur in the Ataca...

natural organic wastes contain considerable amounts of nutritional elements. the availability and uptake of nutrient elements in soil) especially in alkali and calcareous soils) increase due to high content of organic matter, and reduce the micro-elements deficiencies. organic wastes have pathogenic contaminations that come from waste type and transmitted by microorganisms such as bacteria, fun...

The transport properties of various anion and cation exchange membranes were studied in different electrolyte solutions using chronopotentiometry technique to get insight about the influence of the counter ion on the transport properties of the membranes. The investigated samples include heterogeneous ion exchange membranes varying in the functionality of fixed charged gro...