Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of advanced liver disease worldwide. The virus successfully evades host immune detection and for many years has hampered efforts to find a safe, uncomplicated, and reliable oral antiviral therapy. Initially, interferon and ribavirin therapy was the treatment standard of care, but it offered limited performance across the wide spectr...

Cone-shaped calix[4]arene-tetrol 3 has the ability to form open structures due presence of four OH groups at upper rim, which allows construction H-bonded supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs). In water, SOF-1 is formed, contains hydrophilic channels (mean diameter 8.5 Å) contoured by p-phenolic groups. acetonitrile, SOF-2 smaller hydrophobic 6.6 delimited aromatic walls. The Na+@3 complex, ...

abstract background: improvements in culture media formulations have led to an increase in the ability of sheep embryo in culture throughout the preimplantation period. objective: this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of mem vitamins during in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and subsequent embryo development. materials and methods: sheep ovaries were col...

Copyright © 2014, Kowsar Corp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. HCV has still a significant impact on health care system ...

The ProTide prodrug design is a powerful tool to improve cell permeability and enhance the intracellular activation of nucleotide antiviral analogues. Previous in vitro studies showed that prodrugs varied different lines. In present study, we investigated profiles two tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) sofosbuvir (SOF) five lines commonly used research, namely, Vero E6, Huh-7, Calu-3, A549, Caco-2. We...

BACKGROUND The combination of sofosbuvir (SOF), ribavirin (RBV) and peg-interferon-alfa-2a (peg-IFN-alfa-2a) as well as the combination of SOF and RBV for the treatment of patients infected with hepatitis c virus (HCV) has improved rates of sustained virological response (SVR) considerably in recent trials. However, there is only limited data concerning the efficacy and safety in a "real-life" ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate SOF-1 was resistant to cefepime and susceptible to ceftazidime. This resistance phenotype was explained by the expression of OXA-31, which shared 98% amino acid identity with a class D beta-lactamase, OXA-1. The oxa-31 gene was located on a ca. 300-kb nonconjugative plasmid and on a class 1 integron. No additional efflux mechanism for cefepime was detecte...