Results from two land surface models participating in the PILPS 2(e) experiment [the default European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) scheme and a modified version labeled MECMWF] are examined. Modifications are implemented in the parameterization of snow sublimation, albedo ageing, surface runoff, and soil hydraulical coefficients. Results of a third run, SECMWF, in which the ...

[1] The optimal parameters and uncertainty estimation of land surface models require that appropriate length of forcing and calibration data be selected for computing error functions. Most of the previous studies used less than two years of data to optimize land surface models. In this study, 18-year hydrometeorological data at Valdai, Russia, were used to run the Chameleon Surface Model (CHASM...

in recent years, alternative methods have been used for estimation of soil salinity. therefore, at present research, 600 soil samples collected from ardakan in central iran. then em38 and terrain parameters such as wetness index, land index and curvature as readily measured properties and soil salinity (0-30 and 0-100) as predicted variables were measured. after that, the data set was divided i...

We propose four methods for finding local subspaces in large spectral libraries. The proposed four methods include (a) cosine angle spectral matching; (b) hit quality index spectral matching; (c) self-organizing maps and (d) archetypal analysis methods. Then evaluate prediction accuracies for global and subspaces calibration models. These methods were tested on a mid-infrared spectral library c...

Rapid land use change due to intensive agricultural practices in the Ethiopian Highlands, results in increasing rates of soil erosion. This manifested in significant impacts downstream by reducing the storage capacity of reservoirs (e.g., Roseires, Sennar), and high desilting costs of irrigation canals. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the process at basin scale. ...

This paper focuses on the quantification of the green – vegetation related – water flux of forest stands in the temperate lowland of Flanders. The underlying reason of the research was to develop a methodology for assessing the impact of forests on the hydrologic cycle in comparison to agriculture. The tested approach for calculating the water use by forests was based on the application of the ...

A method of determination of high Zn and Pb concentrations by means of EDXRF (energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry) is presented. Zn and Pb concentration in soil samples from contaminated areas ranged within a limit of Zn: 800–2000ppm and Pb: 200–600ppm. Soil analysis was conducted directly after the samples had been dried and powdered, as well as in situ in polluted areas. Due to ...

Heat and mass transfer in steaming ground have been modeled using the TOUGH2 geothermal simulator and the results compared with field data collected by Bromley and Hochstein (2001). They measured temperatures at several sites over periods of 4 to 7 days at the soil surface, and depths of 0.01 m, 0.05 m, 0.10 m, 0.15 m, and 0.20 m. Soil porosities and saturations were also measured. These data s...

the soil water retention curve (swrc) is a basic characteristic of the determination of soil hydraulic properties, including unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. measurement of this curve is essential to research, thus scientists have focused on indirect methods such as pedotransfer functions and empirical relationships to estimate swrc easily. since there is a close relationship between swrc an...

Models simulating the seasonal growth of vegetation have been recently coupled to soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer schemes (SVATS). Such coupled vegetation–SVATS models (V–S) account for changes of the vegetation leaf area index (LAI) over time. One problem faced by V–S models is the high number of parameters that are required to simulate different sites or large areas. Therefore, efficient ...