Applications of second-order kinetic models to adsorption systems were reviewed. An overview of second-order kinetic expressions is described in this paper based on the solid adsorption capacity. An early empirical second-order equation was applied in the adsorption of gases onto a solid. A similar second-order equation was applied to describe ion exchange reactions. In recent years, a pseudo-s...

We show that a nanopore in a silicon membrane connected to a voltage source can be used as an electrically tunable ion filter. By applying a voltage between the heavily doped semiconductor and the electrolyte, it is possible to invert the ion population inside the nanopore and vary the conductance for both cations and anions in order to achieve selective conduction of ions even in the presence ...

Recent work on protein nanopores indicates that single molecule characterization (including DNA sequencing) is possible when the length of the nanopore constriction is about a nanometer. Solid-state nanopores offer advantages in stability and tunability, but a scalable method for creating nanometer-thin solid-state pores has yet to be demonstrated. Here we demonstrate that solid-state nanopores...

Solid-state microwave annealing was performed at temperatures up to 2120 C for 30 s on ion-implanted 4H–SiC in N2 ambient. The surface roughness in the samples annealed without a surface cap at 1950 C is 2.65 nm for 10 lm · 10 lm atomic force microscopy scans. The sheet resistances measured on Aland P-implanted 4H–SiC, annealed by microwaves, are lower than the best conventional furnace anneali...

2014 The energy straggling of heavy ion beams at tandem energies, passing through thin foils, has been studied with ions of mass up to A = 35. Charge exchange in the foils has been found to have a considerable effect on the energy spread. Thickness non-uniformities in the foils can also make significant contributions. Extrapolation of the observations to the case of a uniform carbon stripper fo...

The solid state dye sensitized solar cell is one of the most promising organic based device concepts which demonstrates solar power conversion efficiencies in excess of 4%. The basic strategy of this hybrid system is that light is absorbed in a dye to form an excited electronic state, termed an exciton. Electron transfer takes place from the excited dye molecule to an inorganic semiconductor, w...

A simple and practicable evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method is introduced for the first time to prepare nanosized solid electrolyte Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. A pure Na+ super ion conductor (NASICON) phase is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and its primary particle size is down to 70 nm by optimizing evaporation rate of th...

Two novel cyclo-tris(4-R-2,6-pyridylformamidine)s (R = H, CH(3)) have been studied by solution- and solid-state NMR. Both compounds show fast exchange of NH protons in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. The E-syn configuration of the formamidine group with the NH protons in the outer ring position could be proved by low-temperature (1)H NMR experiments. The influence of deuteration of the ...