In many domains successful execution of plans requires careful monitoring and repair. Diagnosis of plan execution supports this process by identifying causes of plan failure. Most plans have to satisfy temporal constraints. An important and common occurring problem during plan execution are violations of temporal plan constraints. This paper addresses diagnosis of such temporal constraint viola...

Partial delete relaxation methods, like red-black planning, are extremely powerful, allowing in principle to force relaxed plans to behave like real plans in the limit. Alas, that power has so far been chained down by the computational overhead of the use as heuristic functions, necessitating to compute a relaxed plan on every search state. For red-black planning in particular, this has entaile...

It is conjectured that MDP and POMDP planning will remain unfeasible for complex domains, so some form of ÒclassicalÓ decision-theoretic planning is sought. However, local plans cannot be properly compared in terms of their expected values, because those values will be affected by the other plans the agent has adopted. Plans must instead be merged into a single ÒmasterplanÓ, and new plans evalu...

Every municipality in The Netherlands has its own disaster plan. A disaster plan contains the blueprint of how to handle incidents in the municipality with the aim of preventing incidents to grow into disasters. Given that each municipality has its own organisations, enterprises, infrastructure, and general layout, the disaster plans also differ. On the other hand, the disaster plans have a lot...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...

Propositional plans of all forms often display a certain level of concurrency which can be exploited by scheduling the plan. This reveals the earliest times at which each action can be applied whilst still achieving the goal and shortening the plan duration. However, the output of this scheduling process is simply a set of timestamped actions, losing implicit information present in the original...

This paper describes plan reuse in multiagent domains. In distributed planning, a plan is created by distributed centers of planner agents that have their own viewpoints. Plan reuse where a past plan result is reused for the new problem was proposed for single-agent planning and can achieve efficient planning. A special issue for applying it to distributed planning is that, even if the local ag...

Decision-theoretic planning attempts to combine the resources of classical AI planning theory and contemporary decision theory. The basic idea is that plans are assigned expected values, and the planning agent chooses between competing plans in terms of those expected values. This complicates the search for plans in predictable ways, and the natural inclination of the planning theorist is to tu...

PURPOSE Advanced radiotherapy delivery systems designed for high-dose, high-precision treatments often come equipped with high-definition multi-leaf collimators (HD-MLC) aimed at more finely shaping radiation dose to the target. In this work, we study the effect of a high definition MLC on spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment plan quality and plan deliverability. METHODS...

Foreign Language Education Policy (FLEP) needs to be understood as part of broader educational policies and as situated within overarching social macro plans. In this paper, based on a conception of policy as distinct from goals and objectives, and with a view of the relevant literature, we will present some theoretical guidelines of setting and/or evaluating foreign language education policies...