OBJECTIVEdGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with fetal macrosomia and maternal postpartum dysglycemia, insulin resistance, and b-cell dysfunction. Indeed, in practice, a prior pregnancy that resulted in a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) delivery is often considered presumptive evidence of GDM, whether or not it was diagnosed at the time. If this clinical assumption is correct, h...

Introduction Community participation is rapidly being viewed as a requirement for the successful acceptance of health services; it integrates a complicated process which involves customs, beliefs, culture and power relations, not only structures and policies. Yet, there is a wide knowledge gap and changes favouring community participation in primary health care is still minimal. This study aims...

OBJECTIVE To compare young children 3 to 6 years of age who were born small-for-gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile for gestational age) or large-for-gestational age (LGA; >/=90th percentile) with those who were born appropriate-for-gestational age (10th-89th percentile) to determine whether there are differences in growth and fatness in early childhood associated with birth weight status. ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the single and joint associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with pregnancy outcomes in Tianjin, China. METHODS Between June 2009 and May 2011, health care records of 33,973 pregnant women were collected and their children were measured for birth weight and birth length. The independen...

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides information about metabolite concentrations in tissue. Recently citrate was detected by MRS in subgroups of pediatric brain tumors. Citrate is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and accumulates in tissue when the glycolytic rate exceeds the TCA cycle activity, a feature of malignant tumors. Currently, no practical indicat...

The paper deals with a singularly perturbed reaction diffusion model problem. The focus is on reliable a posteriori error estimators for the H1 seminorm that can be applied to anisotropic finite element meshes. A residual error estimator and a local problem error estimator are proposed and rigorously analysed. They are locally equivalent, and both bound the error reliably. Furthermore three mod...

Objectives: Offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk for obesity and diabetes mellitus in later life. Fetal imprinting by intrauterine diabetic environment and early postnatal determinants affects the development of these chronic diseases in addition to socio-economic and genetic determinants. The purpose of this study was to identify the strongest predi...

• w w w . r e a s o n . o r g introduction This paper describes the results of research that analyzed mechanisms for reducing congestion and delays at LaGuardia Airport (LGA) in New York. The findings should be equally applicable to any similarly congested airport such as John F Kennedy (JFK), Newark International (EWR) or Chicago O’Hare (ORD). Slot allocation has historically been limited at L...