OBJECTIVE There is evidence of substantial subnational variation in the HIV epidemic. However, robust spatial HIV data are often only available at high levels of geographic aggregation and not at the finer resolution needed for decision making. Therefore, spatial analysis methods that leverage available data to provide local estimates of HIV prevalence may be useful. Such methods exist but have...

Density estimates for large carnivores derived from camera surveys often have wide confidence intervals due to low detection rates. Such estimates are of limited value to authorities, which require precise population estimates to inform conservation strategies. Using lures can potentially increase detection, improving the precision of estimates. However, by altering the spatio-temporal patterni...

To assess the risk of (zoonotic) disease transmission in developing countries, decision makers generally rely on distribution estimates of animals from survey records or projections of historical enumeration results. Given the high cost of large-scale surveys, the sample size is often restricted and the accuracy of estimates is therefore low, especially when spatial high-resolution is applied. ...

Spatial mental representations can be derived from linguistic and non-linguistic sources of information. This study tested whether these representations could be formed from statistical linguistic frequencies of city names, and to what extent participants differed in their performance when they estimated spatial locations from language or maps. In a computational linguistic study, we demonstrat...

This paper provides novel Input-to-State Stability (ISS)-style maximum principle estimates for classical solutions of nonlinear 1-D parabolic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The derivation the ISS-style is performed in two ways: by using an ISS Lyapunov Functional sup norm and exploiting well-known principles. provide fading memory state with respect to distributed boundary inputs. obtai...

afghanistan throughout its history has witnessed wars and conflicts have been numerous domestic and foreign. this has resulted in the migration of residents of this country. former soviet invasion of the country and then flare-up of internal strife after the withdrawal of soviet troops, in accelerating their migration to neighboring countries, especially iran has an important role. the aim of t...