BACKGROUND Enzymatic degradation of plant biomass requires a complex mixture of many different enzymes. Like most fungi, thermophilic Myceliophthora species therefore have a large set of enzymes targeting different linkages in plant polysaccharides. The majority of these enzymes have not been functionally characterized, and their role in plant biomass degradation is unknown. The biotechnologica...

Most cellulolytic enzyme blends, either procured from a commercial vendor or isolated from a single cellulolytic microbial secretome, do not efficiently hydrolyze ammoniapretreated (e.g., ammonia fiber expansion, AFEX) lignocellulosic agricultural crop residues like corn stover to fermentable sugars. Typically reported commercial enzyme loading (30–100 mg protein/g glucan) necessary to achieve ...

BACKGROUND In the yeast biomass production process, protein carbonylation has severe adverse effects since it diminishes biomass yield and profitability of industrial production plants. However, this significant detriment of yeast performance can be alleviated by increasing thioredoxins levels. Thioredoxins are important antioxidant defenses implicated in many functions in cells, and their prim...

Objective: Molds produce poisons called mycotoxins,OTA is one of the most relevant mycotoxins which is generally produced by Aspergillus, its presence in food and feed products being regulated in many countries. Methods: From the first May to the last October2011,sampling was done according to"CBS" instructions for indoor and outdoor situations. Isolates were identified and recorded in the labo...

To study the direct effects of photosynthesis on allocation of biomass by altering photosynthesis without altering leaf N or nitrate content, phosphoribulokinase (PRK) activity was decreased in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with an inverted tobacco PRK cDNA and plants were grown at different N levels (0.4 and 5 mM NH4NO3). The activation state of PRK increased as the amount of enzym...

Abstract Aims Soil organic carbon (C) efflux is tightly linked to the rhizosphere, where soil microorganisms rapidly decompose compounds released from roots. Recently, imaging approaches have greatly improved our understanding of small-scale C-turnover heterogeneity and promoted term ‘rhizosphere hotspots’ for highly active areas. However, despite often assumed, effect these hotspots on total C...

Release from specialist insect herbivores may allow invasive plants to evolve traits associated with decreased resistance and increased competitive ability. Given that there may be genetic trade-off between resistance and tolerance, invasive plants could also become more tolerant to herbivores. Although it is widely acknowledged that light availability affects tolerance to herbivores, little in...

Although inter-variety variability for salt tolerance has been reported in bread wheat plants, little information is available on the genetic control of ion contents and biomass yield under saline conditions. A diallel cross, including reciprocals of two salt tolerant, two moderately tolerant and two sensitive Iranian and exotic bread wheat varieties, was analyzed to investigate the inheritance...