Quantum heat engines employ as working agents multilevel systems instead of classical gases. We show that under some conditions quantum heat engines are equivalent to a series of reservoirs at different altitudes containing balls of various weights. A cycle consists of picking up at random a ball from one reservoir and carrying it to the next, thereby performing or absorbing some work. In parti...

Waste heat to power (WHP) is the process of capturing heat discarded by an existing industrial process and using that heat to generate power (see Figure 1). Energyintensive industrial processes—such as those occurring at refineries, steel mills, glass furnaces, and cement kilns—all release hot exhaust gases and waste streams that can be harnessed with wellestablished technologies to generate el...

1) there is a natural greenhouse effect that keeps the world warmer than it otherwise would be; 2) greenhouse gases are increasing in the atmosphere because of human activities and they are trapping increasingly more heat; 3) there is a collective picture of a warming world and humans have likely contributed; and 4) continued increase in greenhouse gases is projected to lead to increases in sea...

A novel mathematical model has been developed to aid the formulation of emulsion explosives. This mathematical model calculated heat of explosion, oxygen balance and raw material cost as a function of explosive ingredients, and the solution of the mathematical model was obtained by a MS Excel program. The effects of the different content of NH4NO3, NaNO3, H2O, and span-80 and composite fuel oil...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the population of fez and casablanca in morocco to dry white beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and to investigate the effect of food processing (heat and/or enzymatic hydrolysis by pepsin) on this sensitivity. work was based on a bank consisting of 146 sera from patients with atopic hypersensitivity in order to evaluate specific immunoglobulin e...

The discovery of carbon dioxide by Joseph Black (1728-1799) marked a new era of research on the respiratory gases. His initial interest was in alkalis such as limewater that were thought to be useful in the treatment of renal stone. When he studied magnesium carbonate, he found that when this was heated or exposed to acid, a gas was evolved that he called "fixed air" because it had been combine...