A sizeable body of research into instructed pragmatics roots from the noticing hypothesis: comparing im- plicit and explicit instruction. It is only recently that other theories, including the output hypothesis, have been researched as possible explanations of interlanguage pragmatic development. Pursuing the same line of research, the present study addressed the impact of collaborative o...

There are several debates around why Socrates executed but none of them has explained why he executed at seventy. I think Socratic hubris can explain it. In fact, if we refer to “earlier Socrates” dialogues that cover life of Socrates from youth to seventy years, it is obvious that Socrates on effort to find and present a good life appealed to speech and used it to cross-examine Athenians. Howe...

Everyday conversation requires listeners to quickly recognize verbal actions, so-called speech acts, from the underspecified linguistic code and prepare a relevant response within the tight time constraints of turn-taking. The goal of this study was to determine the time-course of speech act recognition by investigating oscillatory EEG activity during comprehension of spoken dialog. Participant...

In this paper, a corpus-based fuzzy hidden Markov model (FHMM) is proposed to model the speech act in a spoken dialogue system. In the training procedure, 29 FHMM’s are defined and trained, each representing one speech act in our approach. In the identification process, the Viterbi algorithm is used to find the top M candidate speech acts. Then Bayes’ decision criterion, which stores the relati...

The ability to recognize speech acts (verbal actions) in conversation is critical for everyday interaction. However, utterances are often underspecified for the speech act they perform, requiring listeners to rely on the context to recognize the action. The goal of this study was to investigate the time-course of auditory speech act recognition in action-underspecified utterances and explore ho...

INTHODUCT ION Some of the recent work on women's speech has been concentrated on the issue of women's 'linguistic insecurlty'9 that is, on the claim that women are generally less assertive, more uncertain and hesi.tant in conversation than men are. Such studies usually follow the lead of Robin Lakoff's discussion in Language and Women's Place (1975), focusing on those indicators of verbal timid...

This paper describes an approach for flexible speech act identification of spontaneous speech with disfluency. In this approach, semantic information, syntactic structure, and fragment features of an input utterance are statistically encapsulated into a proposed sp eech act hidden Markov model (SAHMM) to characterize the speech act. To deal with the disfluency problem in a sparse training corpu...

This study aims to describe the types, functions, and effects of directive speech acts in greeting delivered by Anies Baswedan commemoration ceremony 494th anniversary DKI Jakarta. The research approach used this is a theoretical methodological approach. pragmatic approach, while descriptive qualitative data are fragments Baswedan's speech, source for welcoming YouTube video uploaded Jakarta Re...

The objective of the research was to interpret type and subtype directive speech act found in Megawati Sukarnoputri’s political during celebration PDIP’s 50th anniversary, identify its frequencies explain what they are used for. This is a qualitative that applied approach. data this study were taken from transcript speech. They interpreted by identifying utterances which applies act, categorizi...