We use light scattering and conductimetry to investigate the

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We introduce and study a natural notion of probabilistic 1Lipschitz maps. We prove that the space of all probabilistic 1-Lipschitz maps defined on a probabilistic metric space G is also a probabilistic metric space. Moreover, when G is a group, then the space of all probabilistic 1-Lipschitz maps defined on G can be endowed with a monoid structure. Then, we caracterize the probabilistic invaria...

We show that a certain class of manifolds admit metrics of positive Ricci curvature This class includes many exotic spheres including all homotopy spheres which represent elements of bP n

Complex microbiomes reside in marine sponges and consist of diverse microbial taxa, including functional guilds that may contribute to host metabolism and coastal marine nutrient cycles. Our understanding of these symbiotic systems is based primarily on static accounts of sponge microbiota, while their temporal dynamics across seasonal cycles remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated tempor...

Shallow warm-water and deep-sea cold-water corals engineer the coral reef framework and fertilize reef communities by releasing coral mucus, a source of reef dissolved organic matter (DOM). By transforming DOM into particulate detritus, sponges play a key role in transferring the energy and nutrients in DOM to higher trophic levels on Caribbean reefs via the so-called sponge loop. Coral mucus m...

Many species create biogenic habitat that may vary in quality depending on its attributes. This variation may in turn affect species interactions among members of the attendant community. We describe a habitat-provisioning species that, with variation in a simple trait, produces dichotomous classes of habitat: one that serves as a predation refuge and the other that does not. Subtidal roots of ...

The abundance and community composition of the endofauna in 2 species of sponge, Haliclona sp. 1 and Haliclona sp. 2 (phylum Porifera: order Haplosclerida), were examined at different sites on the slope at Heron Island Reef, in the southern Great Barrier Reef, on 2 separate occasions. Both species of Haliclona occupy similar habitats on the reef slope and are often found living adjacent to each...

BACKGROUND Umbilical cord infection developing subsequent to bacterial colonization is one of the outstanding reasons of newborn mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped and developing countries. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sponge and tub bathing methods on umbilical cord separation time in full term babies in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS This quasi-experimenta...

OAEP and other similar schemes proven secure in Random-Oracle Model require one or more hash functions with output size larger than those of standard hash functions. In this paper, we show that by utilizing popular Sponge constructions in OAEP framework, we can eliminate the need of such hash functions. We provide a new scheme in OAEP framework based on Sponge construction and call our scheme S...