Two new species of Astyanax are described from eastern Brazil: A. microschemos from the córrego Palmital, rio Itapemirim drainage, Espírito Santo, and A. pelecus from the rio Pardo drainage, Bahia. Astyanax microschemos differs from its congeners by its shallower body depth, 26.9-29.7% of standard length, the presence of one vertically elongate humeral spot that extend above and below the later...

One type of light-induced response (photopic L-type S-potential)recorded from isolated carp (Cyprinus carpio) retinas was identified by its spectral response and later confirmed by morphological localization of the recorded sites ionophoretically marked by a fluorescent dye, Lucifer yellow. Such L-type S-potentials could be recorded from the soma and from the axon terminal of external horizonta...

Square CCD and CMOS arrays are commonly employed to perform two-dimensional imaging tasks as they offer high image quality and spatial resolution. For more specific applications, where the requirement is to locate the position of a fast moving, single luminous spot over a delimited area (single particle positioning, beam spot monitoring, ...) such kind of devices is somewhat cumbersome to use, ...

Rod influence on hue appearance of spectral lights was characterized by comparing the scaling of red, green, yellow, and blue hue sensations for an 8 degrees-diameter, 7 degrees-eccentric test spot under conditions that minimized (cone plateau) and maximized (dark adapted) rod influence at two mesopic light levels (1.5 and 3.0 log scoptic trolands). At the lower light level, the hue-scaling fun...

Using a variational method, we show that an effective attractive force exists between two Gaussian laser beams in a plasma because of a mutual coupling from relativistic mass corrections. The effective force can be generalized to other nonlinearities. This force can cause two laser beams to spiral around each other with a rotation period that is proportional to the Rayleigh length. These orbits...

A micromethod was developed for quantitative estimation in saliva of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. With a semiautomatic pipette, 25 microliter of diluted saliva was spotted on the surface of an agar plate containing a selective medium. This volume gave a spot with a diameter of about 10 mm in which separate colonies could be counted. The results obtained with the spotting technique sho...

Thermophoresis depletes DNA from a heated spot. We quantify for the first time the thermal diffusion constant D(T)=0.4x10(-8) cm(2)/s K for DNA, using fluorescent dyes and laser heating. For 5 kB DNA we extrapolate a 1000-fold depletion from a temperature difference of 50 K. Surprisingly, convection generated by the same heating can turn the depletion into trapping of DNA. Trapped DNA can form ...

Utilizing current Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technologies, a three-port microcapillary pumped loop (micro-CPL) was designed, fabricated and tested to provide integral cooling to electronics or MEMS type devices. The two wafer design consists of one silicon and one borofloat glass wafer. An analytical study was used in determining the geometry of the device, including the evaporator...

The dynamics of the focusing of laser-driven ion beams produced from concave solid targets was studied. Most of the ion beam energy is observed to converge at the center of the cylindrical targets with a spot diameter of 30  μm, which can be very beneficial for applications requiring high beam energy densities. Also, unbalanced laser irradiation does not compromise the focusability of the beam....

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