The well-known Funk metric F (x, y) is projectively flat with constant flag curvature K = −1/4 and the Hilbert metric Fh(x, y) := (F (x, y) + F (x,−y))/2 is projectively flat with constant curvature K = −1. These metrics are the special solutions to Hilbert’s Fourth Problem. In this paper, we construct a non-trivial R-flat spray using the Funk metric. It is then an inverse problem in the calcul...

• Development of experimental datasets for validation spray dispersion simulations. Experimental characterisation butterfly and hollow-cone sprinklers sprays. Sprays measured using single-camera, back-lit, high-speed videography technique. Outdoor experiments involving each sprinkler operating near a 2.4 m cube in wind. Measured wind characteristics deposition on surfaces ground. Processes arou...

Petroleum-oil sprays and fogs are used increasingly to control insect pests of economic plants. These oils are useful in controlling the aphid vectors of potato virus, but it is first necessary to learn which oils are tolerated by potato leaves. Hence, undiluted oils and cresoap emulsions of petroleum oils were tested on potato leaves to determine: (1) The rates of oil penetration into leaves; ...

Every Riemannian metric or Finsler on a manifold induces spray via its geodesics. In this paper, we discuss several expressions for the [Formula: see text]-curvature of spray. We show that sprays obtained by projective deformation using S-curvature always have vanishing text]-curvature. Then establish Beltrami Theorem with text].

A field study was conducted to explore the suitability of 5 pesticide deposition samplers for airborne spray and ground deposits from ultra-low-volume (ULV) space sprays. Samplers included horizontally stretched stationary cotton ribbons at 2 heights, rotating ribbon, rotating Teflon slides, and filter paper. Slides were also used for droplet-size analysis. A set of 7 samplers of each type was ...

PURPOSE To assess the effectiveness of a pilot integrated pest management (IPM) program in controlling cockroaches in an apartment complex, without pesticide sprays. METHODS A brief educational session and booklet were provided to tenants. Non-spray pest control methods were promoted. A telephone questionnaire was administered at pre- and post-test to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices...

Suitability of the Sauter mean diameter and the surface-area mean diameter for representing the ignition and combustor behavior of polydisperse sprays is examined. Initial size distributions considered are the Nukiyama-Tanasawa distribution and a bidisperse spray. Two physical situations are analyzed. In the first, the ignition characteristics of a polydisperse spray in the viscinity of a hot w...