In its ideal form, electronic democracy would empower citizens to vote online with convenience, security, reliability, and accessibility. However, electronic vote fraud can prevent citizens from exercising their basic rights in a democracy. Inaccessible e-voting systems also can deny citizens their rights. Unfortunately, attention to these problems generally is muted in the popular media, as th...

We present a physiologically plausible spiking neuron-level model of the superior colliculus as part of the saccade-generating visual system. Two major features of the area are the bursting behavior of its output neurons that drive eye movements, and the spreading neuron activation in the intermediate layer during a saccade. We show that the bursting activity profile that drives the main sequen...

College students ranked the interest value of 12 different gossip scenarios; likelihood of spreading the gossip; and the people to whom they would be most likely to tell the gossip, depending on whether the gossip was about male or female professors, relatives, friends, acquaintances, strangers, or a same-sex rival or a romantic partner. Damaging, negative news about rivals and positive news ab...

flood spreading stations were constructed in iran with different objectives such as groundwater recharge and vegetation recovery. accumulation of sediment can be a major problem in flood spreading stations. according to generally accepted theories, floods and salt pollution can reduce gradually the infiltration rate. in order to investigate this issue, 13 flood spreading stations were selected ...

Magnetic anomaly variations near mid-ocean ridge spreading centers are sensitive to a variety of crustal accretionary processes as well geomagnetic field when the crust forms. We collected near-bottom vector magnetic data during series 21 autonomous underwater vehicle Sentry dives 9°50′N on East Pacific Rise (EPR) covering ∼26 km along-axis. These document 2–3 wide axial high that is commonly o...

Abstract Near-axis seamounts provide a unique setting to investigate three-dimensional mantle processes associated with the formation of new oceanic crust and lithosphere. Here, we characteristics evolution 8˚20’N Seamount Chain, lineament that extends ~ 175 km west East Pacific Rise (EPR) axis, just north fracture zone Siqueiros Transform Fault. Shipboard gravity, magnetic, bathymetric data ac...

cortical spreading depression (csd) has been suggested to underlie some neurological disorders such as migraine. despite the intensity with which many investigators have studied sd in the brain, only a few studies have aimed to identify sd in the spinal cord. here we described the main characteristic features of sd in the spinal cord induced by different methods including various spinal cord in...

how to cite this article: kazemi h, speckmann ej, gorji a. familial hemiplegic migraine and spreading depression. iran j child neurol. 2014 summer;8(3): 6-11.   abstract objective familial hemiplegic migraine (fhm) is an autosomal dominantly inherited subtype of migraine with aura, characterized by transient neurological signs and symptoms. typical hemiplegic migraine attacks start in the first...

introduction: spreading depression (sd) is a propagating wave of depolarization followed by depression of the neuroglial activities and can modulate extracellular dopamine concentrations in the neocortex. it has been shown that the dopaminergic system plays a role in migraine. sd has been suggested as a critical phenomenon in the pathophysiology of migraine. the aim of this study was to investi...