Management strategies that minimize P transfer from agricultural land to water bodies are based on relationships between P concentrations in soil and runoff. This study evaluated such relationships for surface runoff generated by simulated sprinkler irrigation onto calcareous arable soils of the semiarid western United States. Irrigation was applied at 70 mm h(-1) to plots on four soils contain...

A mathematical model has been developed to investigate the effect of a sprinkler spray on adjacent horizontal smoke venting and in particular the water droplet drag component. The pressure difference across a roof vent and the volumetric flow of smoke vented are determined by considering the interaction between the drag force of the sprinkler spray and the buoyancy of the smoke layer in the spr...

The complexity of assessing the irrigation performance a solid-set sprinkler system implies analyzing factors features, spacing among sprinklers, evaluation heights, meteorological variables and crop. In this research, number experiments with impact sprinklers were evaluated different operating conditions models uniformity (CUC) losses due to drift wind (WDEL) assessed at catch-can heights. Sta...

daho has approximately 4 million acres of irrigated agricultural land. Most of it is in pasture and hay crops, grain crops, potatoes, and sugar beets, in hierarchical order. Table 1 shows the number of irrigated acres in the state by crop for 1994. Nearly all of this land is irrigated by either sprinklers (59 percent) or surface irrigation systems (40 percent), with only a very small amount (le...

Spring and summer tillage are usually followed by irrigation before planting crops in California's summer-dry Mediterranean-type climate. Tillage treatments such as rototillage or disking are known to disturb the soil structure to different extents, but little is known about how the intensity of a tillage event and subsequent irrigation affect the microbial biomass, respiration, CO2 efflux, and...

Due to its location in the dry belt, the vast country of Iran has always been faced with the problem of water shortages. In such a climate one should take measures to increase the productivity and improve the efficiency of irrigation through expansion of water-conserving technology in the agricultural sector, as this is the largest and most important consumer of water. Therefore this study aime...