To assess the mechanisms of photoprotection in T. lutea, two clonal strains with different basal pigments composition were studied. One synthesized echinenone, while other did not but showed a high amount diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin. We investigated photosynthetic response these turbidostat, at growth culture irradiances from 50 to 550 μmol photons m2 s−1. this end, variable chlorophyll flu...

In the present study we investigated the subcellular localization of squalene synthase (farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.21). Squalene synthase catalyzes the formation of squalene from trans-farnesyl diphosphate in two distinct steps and is the first committed enzyme for the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Recently, a truncated form of the enzyme from rat hep...

Grain amaranth has been suggested as an alternative to marine animals as a natural source of squalene. Oil contents, squalene contents, and fatty acid profiles were determined in 11 genotypes of four grain amaranth species. Although the oil contents of grain amaranth were low (from 5.1% in Amaranthus tricolor to 7.7% in Amaranthus cruentus) as compared to other oil-containing grains, high conce...

Phytophthora cinnamomi, a member of the Pythiacease, does not synthesize sterols. Small amounts of squalene, but no squalene epoxide or sterol, were isolated from the dried mycelium of this fungus after growth in sterol-free medium. The dried mycelium of Rhizoctonia solani, a sterol-synthesizing fungus grown under the same conditions, contained small amounts of squalene and squalene epoxide and...

Cell-free preparations of both Rhizoctonia solani, a sterol-synthesizing fungus, and Phytophthora cinnamomi, a non-sterol-synthesizing fungus, incubated in the presence of [2(-14)C]mevalonate and iodacetamide, converted the mevalonate into labelled mevalonate 5-phosphate, mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. In the absence of iodoacetamide, but under anaerobic conditions, t...

We have studied metabolism of plant sterols and squalene administered intravenously in the form of lipid emulsion mimicking chylomicrons (CM). The CM-like lipid emulsion was prepared by dissolving squalene in commercially available Intralipid. The emulsion was given as an intravenous bolus injection of 30 ml containing 6.3 mg of cholesterol, 1.9 mg of campesterol, 5.7 mg of sitosterol, 1.6 mg o...

Recent studies on cholesterol biosynthesis have demonstrated that the biosynthesis of squalene from its immediate precursor, farnesyl pyrophosphate, is accompanied by the exchange of 1 hydrogen atom at C-l, in 1 of the 2 precursor molecules, for a hydride ion derived from reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (l-3). Thus, Popjak et al. obsrrved that the farnesol of farnesyl pyrophosphate biosyn...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Obesity, hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia are known risk factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Squalene has been shown to reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides in dogs although its therapeutic use in high BP and obese patients has not been established. This study evaluates the effect of feeding high doses of squalene on plasma leptin, glucose, testos...

Cells of Arthrobacter sp. that had been isolated from soil were used to study oxidation of some linear terpenes and squalene variants. The cells oxidized geraniol, nerol, and farnesol to the corresponding aldehydes, with partial conversion of the geometrical isomerism of the alpha,beta-double bond. The squalene variant, squalene-2,3-oxide, was cleaved to 9,10-epoxygeranylacetone and geranylacet...

Fungal skin infections are the most common disease worldwide. Superficial mycoses caused by Trichophyton rubrum and T.interdigitale one of leading causes for patients to seek dermatological care. Terbinafine (TRB), acting through squalene epoxidase (SQLE) inhibition, is drug choice curing both species. However, TRB-resistant cases increasing. Between 2013 2021, we examined TRB-sensitivity in 54...