We investigate the dynamics of the Nash better response map for a family of games with two players and two strategies. This family contains the games of Coordination, Stag Hunt and Chicken. Each map is a piecewise rational map of the unit square to itself. We describe completely the dynamics for all maps from the family. All trajectories converge to fixed points or period 2 orbits. We create to...

Parapristionchus giblindavisi n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) isolated from stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) in Japan Natsumi KANZAKI 1, Erik J. RAGSDALE 2, Matthias HERRMANN 2, Werner E. MAYER 2,†, Ryusei TANAKA 1 and Ralf J. SOMMER 2,∗ 1 Forest Pathology Laboratory, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan 2 Max Planck I...

As a first step in reconstructing the phylogeny of world stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), phylogenetic relationships among the major members of Japanese stag beetles were explored by analyzing a sequence of 1030 nucleotides from the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. A total of 20 species and three additional subspecies representing 13 genera were examined to provide basic in...

The jaws of different species of stag beetles show a large variety of shapes and sizes. The male jaws are used as weapons in fights, and they may exert a very forceful bite in some species. We investigated in 16 species whether and how the forcefulness of their bite is reflected in their jaw morphology. We found a large range of maximal muscle forces (1.8-33 N; factor of 18). Species investing ...

Different toxoplasma antigens were entrapped within liposomes and evaluated, in this form, for their ability to protect Swiss mice against toxoplasma infection: soluble tachyzoite antigen (L/TAg), tissue cyst (L/CAg), tachyzoite plus tissue cyst (L/TCAg) or purified antigen of tachyzoite (L/pTAg). The protein used in L/pTAg was purified from tachyzoites using a stage-specific monoclonal antibod...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between clinical signs of congenital toxoplasmosis and IgG subclasses found in newborns participating in the Minas Gerais State Neonatal Screening Program. METHODS Neonates with confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis underwent standardized ophthalmologic evaluation, neuroimaging studies and hearing assessment, as well as enzyme-link...

The cohesin complex is essential for mitosis and meiosis. The specific meiotic roles of individual cohesin proteins are incompletely understood. We report in vivo functions of the only meiosis-specific STAG component of cohesin, STAG3. Newly generated STAG3-deficient mice of both sexes are sterile with meiotic arrest. In these mice, meiotic chromosome architecture is severely disrupted as no bo...

The history of humankind is an epic of cooperation, which is ubiquitous across societies and increasing in scale. Much human cooperation occurs where it is risky to cooperate for mutual benefit because successful cooperation depends on a sufficient level of cooperation by others. Here we show that arginine vasopressin (AVP), a neuropeptide that mediates complex mammalian social behaviors such a...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to assess prevalence and possible variables on the change of diagnosis in mood disorder patients to schizophrenia. methods: this study was a retrospective and comparative analytic research that was performed in 2006 at razi psychiatric hospital. the study included all of the 176 patients who were hospitalized in 2000 with diagnosis of a mood disorder....