Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE) can achieve a quadratic speed-up for applications classically solved by Monte Carlo simulation. A key requirement to realize this advantage is efficient state preparation. If preparation too expensive, it diminish the quantum advantage. Preparing arbitrary states has exponential complexity with respect number of qubits, thus, not applicable. Currently known te...

the problem of observer design for nonlinear systems has got great attention in the recent literature. the nonlinear observer has been a topic of interest in control theory. in this research, a modified robust sliding-mode observer (smo) is designed to accurately estimate the state variables of nonlinear systems in the presence of disturbances and model uncertainties. the observer has a simple ...