flood spreading stations were constructed in iran with different objectives such as groundwater recharge and vegetation recovery. accumulation of sediment can be a major problem in flood spreading stations. according to generally accepted theories, floods and salt pollution can reduce gradually the infiltration rate. in order to investigate this issue, 13 flood spreading stations were selected ...

Introduction Providing more comfortable station environment foremost from the customer’s point of view is essential for sustaining railway customers. As the result of surveys regarding comfort and cleanliness of railway stations and airports, approximately 90% of customers answered that airports are more comfortable and cleaner than railway stations (Fig. 1). Customers also have shown a keen in...

Subterranean termites, Reticulitermes spp., were attracted to carbon dioxide (CO2) in laboratory and field tests. In behavioral bioassays, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes tibialis Banks, and Reticulitermes virginicus Banks were attracted to CO2 concentrations between 5 and 50 mmol/mol. In further bioassays, R. tibialis and R. virginicus were attracted to the headspace from poly...

Nine IMD stations (Alipore, Krishnagar, Sagar Island, Midnapore, Berhampore, Bankura, Contai, Shantiniketan, Haldia), distributed randomly in alluvial, red-laterite and coastal regions of West Bengal, were selected for studying the temperature change. First five stations have database of 105 years, sixth, seventh and eighth stations have database of 45years and the ninth station has the databas...

Nowadays, Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway System (TUSRS) is going to be completed by eight lines and 149 stations. This complex transportation system contains 168 links between each station pairs and 20 cross-section and Y-branch stations among all eight lines. In this study, we considered TUSRS as a complex network and undertook several analyzes based on graph theory. Examining e.g. centrali...

Priority-based model of subchannel allocation in WiMAX downlink is presented, which is based on solution of the optimization problem associated with maximizing the lower weighted bound of allocated bandwidth for each subscriber station according to its quality of service requirements for access rate and priority. Numerical research of model showed that increasing of the bandwidth requirements o...

Designing a proper acoustical environment--indispensable to speech recognition--in long enclosures is difficult. Although there is some literature on the acoustical conditions in underground stations, there is still little information about methods that make estimation of correct reverberation conditions possible. This paper discusses the assessment of the reverberation conditions of undergroun...

Efficiency evaluation is one of the major issues in urban transportation. Since the efficiency of the systems is affected by its data and output, what makes the results of the performance evaluation valid and applicable, is selecting the appropriate data and outputs of the system. In this study, the efficiency of the subway stations in Tehran in case of return, compared to the fixed scale, is m...

This study concentrates mainly on the 12-year time trends of annual average ion concentrations in bulk precipitation from 10 Estonian monitoring stations. Trends revealed by the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test mostly show a statistically significant decline and, according to the order of ion decline per year, three groups of stations could be differentiated: stations directly affected by an ind...

Indoor air pollution is an increasing health concern, especially in enclosed environments such as underground subway stations because of increased global usage by urban populations. This study measured the indoor air quality of underground platforms at 10 metro stations of the Taipei Rapid Transit system (TRTS) in Taiwan, including humidity, temperature, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO...