‎in this paper‎, ‎first we develop the duality concept for $g$-bessel sequences‎ ‎and bessel fusion sequences in hilbert spaces‎. ‎we obtain some results about dual‎, ‎pseudo-dual ‎and approximate dual of frames and fusion frames‎. ‎we also expand every $g$-bessel ‎sequence to a frame by summing some elements‎. ‎we define the restricted isometry property for ‎$g$-frames and generalize some resu...

A parametric study, based on design optimization using distributed genetic algorithm, is conducted to develop a reliable design procedure for steel portal frames. The efforts are made to modify distributed genetic algorithm in order to enhance the quality of performance and accelerate the convergence to possible optimum solutions. The modification includes defining a state-of-art mutation schem...

In this study, the complex behavior of steel encased reinforced concrete (SRC) composite beam–columns in biaxial bending is predicted by multilayer perceptron neural network. For this purpose, the previously proposed nonlinear analysis model, mixed beam-column formulation, is verified with biaxial bending test results. Then a large set of benchmark frames is provided and P-Mx-My triaxial ...

Although several studies have investigated the effect of degradation on the behavior of structures, investigations on collapse margin ratios are rare in the literature. In this study, the effect of strength and stiffness degradation on collapse capacity of steel moment frames is investigated. The aim is to determine margin of safety against collapse using a probabilistic approach. For this reas...

pullback test has no scrupulous theoretical establishment. it is based on the hypothesis that the response ofthe structure can be related to the response of an equivalent single degree-of-freedom (sdof) system. this implies thatthe response is controlled by a single mode. in fact, the steel frame of each safe room, which is introduced within theunreinforced masonry buildings for protecting the ...

One of the important issues in the study of steel frames is to find a suitable formulation for semi-rigid connections. In this paper, the explicit stiffness matrix for a two-dimensional beam-column element having end-flexibilities is derived. The effects of the lateral uniformly distributed load on the deflection are considered. Both tensile and compressive axial loads are also taken into accou...

this paper describes experimental and numerical investigations on two specimens of frames composed of steel reinforced concrete beam and angle-steel concrete column under horizontal low cyclic loading. based on the test results, the relationship curves of the horizontal load-displacement and the failure modes are acquired. meanwhile the hysteretic behaviors, skeleton curves, stiffness degradati...

This paper presents research documenting the local damage progression in rectangular concrete-filled steel tube beam-columns and connections in composite frames. Local damage is quantified through the development of damage indices based upon results of worldwide experiments. A fiber-based finite element formulation is also introduced for assessing global capacity and seismic demand.

Frame structures equipped with steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) have been widely used in high-rise buildings due to their good seismic performance. In this study, the strip model and combined were analyze performance of SPSWs. Furthermore, an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) was established optimize frame for 5, 10, 20 stories. For each layer, layout optimization conducted determine best configu...

The application of Heuristic Search Methods for the earthquake resistant design of structural frames is discussed. The Tabu Search method was selected for application to structural weight optimization of steel moment frame structures. A computer program was developed that uses Tabu Search for weight minimization of two-dimensional framed structures. Written in the FORTRAN computer language, the...