Ipilimumab, an antibody that enhances T-cell activation, may augment immunogenicity of tumor cells that are injured by radiation therapy. We hypothesized that patients with melanoma brain metastasis treated with both ipilimumab and radiotherapy would have improved overall survival, and that the sequence of treatments may affect disease control in the brain. We analyzed the clinical and radiogra...

Rapid advancements in imaging technology have led to remarkable improvements in identification and localization of tumors, ushering the era of high-precision techniques in contemporary radiotherapy practice. However, uncertainties in patient set-up and organ motion during a course of fractionated radiotherapy can compromise precision of radiation therapy. Excellent accuracy has been achieved wi...

Since the dose delivery pattern in high-precision radiotherapy is different from that in conventional radiation, radiobiological assessment of the physical dose used in stereotactic irradiation and intensity-modulated radiotherapy has become necessary. In these treatments, the daily dose is usually given intermittently over a time longer than that used in conventional radiotherapy. During prolo...

Abstract Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment: in patients who are cured of cancer, radiotherapy contributes to cure around 40% cases. also has role improving symptoms individuals with incurable cancer. Whereas palliative typically given over 1–10 treatments, radical treatments can extend 4–8 weeks. Radiation often delivered externally by machines called linear accelerators. I...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a commercially avail-able CyberKnife system with a multileaf collimator (CK-MLC) for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and standard fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) applications. Ten prostate and ten intracranial cases were planned for the CK-MLC. Half of these cases were compared with clinically approved SBRT ...

BACKGROUND Radiotherapy may improve the outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer but at an increased cost. In this study, the authors evaluated the cost-effectiveness of modern radiotherapy techniques in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS A Markov decision-analytic model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of 4 treatment regimens: gemcitabine alone, g...

PURPOSE To analyze the utilization and fractionation of extreme hypofractionation via stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was analyzed on men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 2004-2012 and treated with definitive-intent radiation therapy, as captured in the National Cancer Database. This database is a hospital-b...

Although meningioma is the most common primary brain tumour no strict consensus exists on the exact role of radiotherapy due to the lack of controlled phase-III studies. In completely resected grade-I tumours, radiotherapy is usually deferred until possible recurrence. For grade-II–III tumours, the issue is more controversial and radiotherapy is occasionally applied already in the primary setti...

Postoperative external beam radiotherapy was considered the standard adjuvant treatment for patients with glioblastoma multiforme until the advent of using the drug temozolomide (TMZ) in addition to radiotherapy. High-dose volume should be focal, minimizing whole brain irradiation. Modern imaging, using several magnetic resonance sequences, has improved the planning target volume definition. Th...

There is a growing body of prospective evidence describing an oligometastatic phenotype in adults for whom local metastasis-directed therapy can improve outcomes select patients. However, relative paucity data pediatric patients with disease creates challenges choosing optimal treatment. The purpose this review to evaluate the literature surrounding and treatment, specifically focusing on role ...