Childhood nephrotic syndrome, in which steroid-dependence occurs concurrently with steroid-resistance, requires aggressive therapy to prevent relapse. Predictive biomarkers that can be used to stratify treatment are urgently needed. Here we report that reciprocal regulation of the glucocorticoid metabolizing enzymes, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2, is associated with steroid-res...

Glomerular disease is a common cause for proteinuria and chronic kidney disease leading to end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation in children. Nephrotic syndrome in children is diagnosed by the presence of a triad of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Minimal change disease is the most common histopathological finding in children and adolescents with nephroti...

Editorial Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Recent advances in molecular genetics have helped in unraveling the genetic component of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Similar advances in understanding the environmental triggers and immune defects will help better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. It is hoped that the above advancements will ul...

The present study aimed to screen for urinary biomarkers of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in children. These biomarkers were divided into three groups, the control, the steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and the SRNS groups, which were composed of 45, 32 and 9 children, respectively. Urine samples were obtained and analyzed using Au-chips. Compared with the control group,...

Intravenous supra-pharmacological doses of corticosteroids are used in various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions because they are cumulatively less toxic than sustained steroid treatment at lower quantitative dosage. Their action is supposed to be mediated through non-genomic actions within the cell. Common indications for use in children include steroid resistant and steroid dependent nep...

Introduction. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a disease of the glomeruli that occurs in childhood with frequency 12–16 per 100,000. More than 85 % children NS respond to corticosteroid therapy, approximately 10–15 remain refractory or later become resistant them. In 10–30 patients steroid-resistant nephrotic (SRNS), mutations structural genes podocytes, modifier were found, there also evidence forma...

The aim of our study was to examine NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1 and LAMB2 mutations, previously reported in two thirds of patients with nephrotic syndrome with onset before the age of one year old. Genomic DNA samples from Polish children (n=33) with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (SRNS) due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), manifesting before the age of 13 years old, underwent retrospe...

Arterial thrombosis is relatively rare compared with venous thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. However, the assessment of its pathogenesis and risk factors in individual patient with nephrotic syndrome is necessary to allow appropriate prophylactic management because it is a potentially serious problem. Hereby, with review of the literature, we report a case of a 53 yr-old man with cerebral infa...

BACKGROUND The results from the published studies on the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and the treatment response to steroid in Asian children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is still conflicting. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relation between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and treatment response to ster...