Friction stir welding is an innovative joining process being developed for use in aerospace manufacturing. Like most welding processes there exist problems with post-weld residual stresses and subsequent geometrical distortion. The residual stress-state of a welded component can be modified using suitably applied mechanical tensioning and thus distortion can be reduced or eliminated. In the pre...

Appropriate tool-object pairing is a natural part of our lives. When preparing to stir coffee, we know that a hammer is useful for some tasks but that it is not appropriate in this behavioral context. The neural correlates of this context-tool pairing process remain unclear. In the current work, we used event-related electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ...

Aluminum alloy welding suffers from problems such as solidification cracking and hydrogen-induced porosity, which are sufficiently severe to limit its potential applications. Because mitigated porosity incidence and solidification cracking are observed in aluminum welds using double pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW), a comprehensive review of the mechanism is necessary, but absent from the...

This study was conducted to assess time-sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) changes in canine blood using low-field MR. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected from eight healthy beagle dogs. Samples were placed in 5-mL tubes and imaged within 3 hours of collection at 1 day intervals from day 1 to day 30. The following sequences were used: T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), fluid-atte...

In this research, the effects of parameters include tool rotational and traverse speeds were investigated on heat generation and material flow during friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Simulation results showed that with increasing of tool rotational and decreasing tool traverse speed, the more frictional heat generates which causes formatio...

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process; i.e., no melting occurs. The welding process is promoted by the rotation and translation of an axis-symmetric non-consumable tool along the weld centerline. Thus, the FSW process is performed at much lower temperatures than conventional fusion welding, nevertheless it has some disadvantages. Laser Assisted Friction Stir Welding (LAFS...

Introduction The extra-ocular (EO) muscles control movement of the eyes and are pathologically involved in conditions including thyroid eye disease [1] and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) arising from mitochondrial diseases [2]. Pathologies such as inflammation and atrophy of these muscles are routinely investigated on clinical MRI using techniques that suppress potentially confoundi...

Abstract—Friction stir welding is a modern and an environmentally friendly solid state joining process used to joint relatively lighter family of materials. Recently, friction stir spot welding has been used instead of resistance spot welding which has received considerable attention from the automotive industry. It is environmentally friendly process that eliminated heat and pollution. In this...

We evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of femoral marrow in 85 untreated adult patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (N = 27), aplastic anemia (N = 9), and leukemia (N = 49). Images of femoral marrow were obtained using a T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) method and a short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) technique. In patients with MDS, the change in MRI pattern from a fatty or nodular pa...