To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the European Union (EU) has targets for utilizing energy from renewable sources. By 2030, a minimum of 3.5% in EU’s transport sector should come biological sources, such as crop residues. This paper analyzed “advanced bioethanol” potential wheat straw and maize stover evaluated its environmental (land, water, carbon) footprint. We differentiated between...

Pretreatment of corn stover in 0.5% sulfuric acid at 160 °C for 40 min realized a maximum monomeric plus oligomeric xylose yield of 93.1% compared to a maximum of only 71.5% for hydrothermal (no added mineral acid) pretreatment at 180 °C for 30 min. To explain differences in dilute acid and hydrothermal yields, a fast reacting xylan fraction (0.0889) was assumed to be able to directly form mono...

Combined lignocellulose fractionation technology (LFT) and separate hydrolysis fermentation (SHF) for the production of ethanol from bamboo residues and corn stover were investigated by using Zymomonas mobilis. In this process, the highest ethanol concentration reached 4.72 g/l from pretreated bamboo shoots shell fiber (BSSF) and the ethanol yield were 55.82% of the theoretical within 24 h at 3...

An extensive in vitro study was conducted to delineate the influence of levels and source of sulfur besides rumen fungi habitat on the degradation of pearl millet stover dry matter and fibrous constituents. The results revealed that degradability of dry matter, organic matter, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and cellulose from pearl millet stover was maximized (P<0.05), irrespecti...

The lab-scale upflow anaerobic biofilm reactor was successfully operated for the treatment of synthetic wastewater with high nitrogen load by Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process. During the entire period of operation, the reactor temperature was kept at 35±1°C. The operational strategy consisted of both increasing the ammonium and nitrite concentrations from 60 to 700mgN/L and from 8...

Continuous operation is often chosen for conceptual designs of biological processing of cellulosic biomass to ethanol to achieve higher volumetric productivities. Furthermore, continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) can handle higher solids concentrations than possible in batch mode due to broth thinning at partial conversion in a continuous fermentor. However, experience and literature data ar...

Soaking aqueous ammonia (SAA) pretreatment of corn stover was carried out at three temperatures (30, 50, and 70 oC) and three concentrations of ammonia solution (5, 15, and 25 wt.%). The delignification kinetic model, based on three first-order reactions, was applied to describe the kinetic behavior of lignin removal from corn stover during SAA pretreatment. The first, second, and third terms w...

in this research, an experimental study to evaluate nutrient removal from synthetic wastewater by a lab-scale moving bed biofilm process was investigated. also, kinetic analysis of the process with regard to phosphorus and nitrogen removal was studied with different mathematical models. for nutrient removal, the moving bed biofilm process was applied in series with anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic...

The main objective of the study was to develop technology for improving utilization abundant quantities under- utilized crop residues and leguminous plants during dry season mitigate effects on milk yield. set up test practical ways upgrading low quality roughage their effect A 22 factorial experiment within a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) used. involved maize stover using urea fertilizer ...