1. Data The data consist of observations on a bivariate random sample (X1, Y1), · · · , (Xn′ , Yn′), where there are n′ pairs of observations. There should be some natural basis for pairing the observations; otherwise the X’s and Y ’s are independent, and the more powerful MannWhitney test is more appropriate. Within each pair (Xi, Yi) a comparison is made, and the pair is classified as “plus” ...

We prove a fractional version of the Erdős–Szekeres theorem: for any k there is a constant ck > 0 such that any sufficiently large finite set X ⊂ R2 contains k subsets Y1, . . . ,Yk , each of size ≥ ck |X |, such that every set {y1, . . . , yk} with yi ∈ Yi is in convex position. The main tool is a lemma stating that any finite set X ⊂ Rd contains “large” subsets Y1, . . . ,Yk such that all set...

We study the error detection problem in q-ary asymmetric channels wherein every input symbol xi is mapped to an output symbol yi satisfying yi ≥ xi . A general setting is assumed where the noise vectors are (potentially) restricted in: 1) the amplitude, yi − xi ≤ a, 2) the Hamming weight, ∑n i=1 {yi 6=xi} ≤ h 6 6 , and 3) the total weight, ∑n i=1 (yi − xi) ≤ t. Optimal codes detecting these typ...

Let δi = 1 if the i time Yi is an observed death and δi = 0 if it was a right-censored event: That is, the individual was alive at time Yi, but was last seen at that time. If Ti (1 ≤ i ≤ n) are the true survival or failure times, then Yi = Ti if δi = 1 and Yi < Ti if δi = 0, in which case the true failure time Ti is unknown. We also assume d-dimensional covariate vectors X1, X2, . . . , Xn for ...

The traditional Chinese herbal medicine yi-gan san has been used to cure neuropsychological disorders. Schizophrenia can be one of the target diseases of yi-gan san. We aimed at evaluating the possible use of yi-gan san in improving the schizophrenic symptoms of an animal model. Yi-gan san or distilled water was administered to mice born from pregnant mice injected with polyinosinic-polycytidil...

I n this paper, we address the problem of isolated word recognition of speech under various stressed speaking conditions. The niain objective is to formulate an alternate training algorithm for hidden Markov model recognition, which better characterizes actual speech production under stressed speaking styles such as slow, loud and Lombard effect, without the need for collecting such stressed sp...

Remarks on transformations in pre-processing step: For all i ∈ {1, ..., k}, after applying the transformation (shift correction), we pool (Xi, yi) together to estimate β∗. Note that in general the transformation (shift correction) should not depend on the responses yi, otherwise we get a dependence on the noise. To see this, notice that yi = Xiβi + i where Xi is the transformed set of features....

kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) is one of the most widely used turfgrasses for home lawns, golf courses, parks, and athletic fields in temperate climates. oxidative stress caused by drought stress is a major limiting factor for grass cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. the objective of this study was to investigate whether prohexadione-calcium (pro-ca) may play a role in promoting ...