Let $G$ be a group and $Aut(G)$ be the group of automorphisms of‎ ‎$G$‎. ‎For any natural‎ number $m$‎, ‎the $m^{th}$-autocommutator subgroup of $G$ is defined‎ ‎as‎: ‎$$K_{m} (G)=langle[g,alpha_{1},ldots,alpha_{m}] |gin G‎,‎alpha_{1},ldots,alpha_{m}in Aut(G)rangle.$$‎ ‎In this paper‎, ‎we obtain the $m^{th}$-autocommutator subgroup of‎ ‎all finite abelian groups‎.

The construction presented in this paper can be briefly described as follows: starting from any “finite-dimensional” Markov transition function pt, on a measurable state space (E,B), we construct a strong Markov process on a certain “intrinsic” state space that is, in fact, a closed subset of a finite dimensional Euclidean space R. Of course we must explain the meaning of finite-dimensionality ...

Xenodiagnosis by ticks was used to determine whether spirochetes persist in mice after 1 month of antibiotic therapy for vectorborne Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to show that spirochetes could be found in Ixodes scapularis ticks feeding on 4 of 10 antibiotic-treated mice up to 3 months after therapy. These spirochetes could not...

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The exact role of the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic ED is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway in Sprague-Dawley rats with diabetic ED. Animals were divided into 2 groups: the normal group and the DM ED model group. The model gro...

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in Colombia from 2000 - 2011, including seasonal trends. METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirates and/or throat swabs from 14 870 patients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) were studied. Two subgroups were analyzed using molecular biology techniques. The first consisted of 264 RSV indire...

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of using expression levels of CCL24 (eotaxin-2) mRNA on the ocular surface as a biomarker in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). Methods. Eighteen patients with VKC or AKC (VKC/AKC group) and 12 control subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. The VKC/AKC clinical score wa...

BACKGROUND BK virus (BKV) is ubiquitous in human beings. Virus reactivation may occur in immunocompromised settings. The aim of this study was to compare BKV excretion in acquired immunocompromised children (kidney transplant recipients and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome) with normal population. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty one participants less than 20 years were recrui...

The host developing resistance to retroviral infection is believed to be a major force in the evolution of multiple receptor usage by retroviruses. The avian leukosis-sarcoma virus (ALV) group of retroviruses provides a powerful system for studying the envelope-receptor interactions involved in retrovirus entry; different members of this group of closely related viruses use distinct cellular re...

This study investigated the genotypes and sub-groups of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) present in farmed and wild salmonid fish in Ireland. An 1100-bp portion of the VP2 region of segment A from each of 55 IPNV isolates collected over 2003-2007 was amplified by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the product directly sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each isola...