• empirical 1 scientists who are open to the possibility that physical systems supervene 2 on information processes, • subjective 3 scientists seeking a rationalist 4 conceptual framework with which to integrate and communicate their knowledge, • system theorists seeking insights into a mathematical formulation of " general system theory " and a novel mathematical approach toward system analysi...

In ‘A Subjectivist’s Guide to Objective Chance,’ David Lewis says that he is “led to wonder whether anyone but a subjectivist is in a position to understand objective chance.” The present paper aims to motivate this same Lewisean attitude, and a similar degree of modest subjectivism, with respect to objective causation. The paper begins with Newcomb problems, which turn on an apparent tension b...

Drawing on remarks scattered through his writings, I argue that Leibniz has a highly distinctive and interesting theory of color. The central feature of the theory is the way in which it combines a nuanced subjectivism about color with a reductive approach of a sort usually associated with objectivist theories of color. After reconstructing Leibniz’s theory and calling attention to some of its ...

Dr. Seed’s quote concerning the cloning of human beings seems to give the unnerving impression that he believes man’s relationship with God involves developing a human divinity as we “become one with Him.” Has Dr. Seed bitten from the same forbidden fruit consumed by Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden and accepted the lie from Satan that, “You will not surely die...For God knows that when you e...

Over the past few decades, medical school curricula have grown to include bioethics courses, recognizing importance of ethical clinical practice [1, 2, 3]. As a student, I found that one most difficult challenges for myself and others during training has been simply learning bioethics. This project examines some issues seen in education, which stymie both knowledge uptake by students applicatio...

Garuda is an eagle bird that becomes Indonesian national symbol, famous with the slogan Bhineka Tunggal Ika. chosen as a source of wood craft creation starts from idea writer to take closer look about phenomenon people Indonesia nowadays. Slogan Ika means “unity in diversity”. However, Indoneisan this moment are deeply devided by various conflicts such as; religions, cultures, socials, and also...

The traditional approach to practical ethics is to take one’s preferred moral theory, say hedonistic utilitarianism or a Kantian theory, and it to some controversial moral issue. Hence, the name “applied ethics”. The name itself suggests that all the important philosophical and ethical work has already been done at the theoretical and metatheoretical level and that practical ethics is just a tr...

When I turned my focus from debates on the philosophy of science to the philosophy of biology and life sciences in the mid-1980s, one of the most interesting things that struck me was that the results of these debates failed to penetrate any biological discipline. Yet biological disciplines have methods, methodological discussions, and a scientific history with developmental stages. Like all ot...

Truth telling is one of the most fundamental tenets, not only of forensic psychiatry, but also of life in general. Within bioethics, deontological principles espouse truth telling, and in consequentialist approaches, truth telling is thought to foster respect and autonomy and ultimately to promote the greater social good. Paul Appelbaum writes of it as the first pillar of forensic ethics. Intui...

Requiring the reader's participation, this article provides a cautionary tale on the use of combinatoric counting procedures for solving problems in probability. While their value is incontrovertible, it is crucial to pay attention to what is being counted. In standard cases, too much is typically presumed, and this limits unduly the size of the coherent solution. The operational subjective the...