This article replies to the main objections raised by the commentators on Carruthers (1998a). It discusses the question of what evidence is relevant to the assessment of dispositional higher-order thought (HOT) theory; it explains how the actual properties of phenomenal consciousness can be dispositionally constituted; it discusses the case of pains and other bodily sensations in non-human anim...

Psychoanalytic theories of mind consist of comprehensive explanations of human behavior and motivation. Such theories seek to account for normal and abnormal development at both the population and individual levels, but these abstract and global ideas can seem distant from our personal, moment-by-moment, lived experience. Intersubjectivity theory has reformulated psychological concepts of why p...

In this paper, we explore different linguistic structures encoded as convolution kernels for the detection of subjective expressions. The advantage of convolution kernels is that complex structures can be directly provided to a classifier without deriving explicit features. The feature design for the detection of subjective expressions is fairly difficult and there currently exists no commonly ...

In moving from concepts of motherhood and mothers to a theorisation of maternal subjectivity that emphasises unconscious intersubjectivity, this paper casts light on the following questions: ⇒ What is meant by maternal and who qualifies? ⇒ Do gender and sex of parents and carers make any systematic difference to an infant, child or adolescent’s experience of parenting and their own capacity to ...

Subjectivity and sentiment analysis focuses on the automatic identification of private states, such as opinions, emotions, sentiments, evaluations, beliefs, and speculations in natural language. While subjectivity classification labels text as either subjective or objective, sentiment classification adds an additional level of granularity, by further classifying subjective text as either positi...

According to Bruno de Finetti’s Representation Theorem, exchangeable beliefs over infinite sequences of observable Bernoulli quantities can be represented as mixtures of independent coin tossing experiments. Extensions of this theorem give rise to representations as mixtures of other familiar sampling distributions. This paper offers a subjectivist primer based on the premise that appreciation ...

We assume that in order to properly capture opinion and sentiment expressed in a text or dialog any system needs a deep text processing approach. In particular, the idea that the task may be solved by the use of Information Retrieval tools like Bag of Words Approaches (BOWs) is totally flawed. BOWs approaches are sometimes also camouflaged by a keyword based Ontology matching and Concept search...

Incorrect determination of the top or end vertebrae of a scoliotic curve causes measurement errors when using the Cobb method. Such problems are due to subjectivity. This study was performed to minimize subjectivity by using a curve fitting method. A digitally scanned posteroanterior radiographic image was used for each patient. User-defined midpoints of the curvature, which indicate the midpoi...