INTRODUCTION Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of the dengue and yellow fever viruses. This study evaluated the effects of extracts from Cnidosculos phyllacanthus, Ricinus communis, and Coutarea hexandra on the developmental periods of A.aegypti larvae and pupae. Crude extracts of C. phyllacanthus and C. hexandra and oil from R. communis and C. phyllacanthus were used. METHODS...

This is the first field study in which we have tested efficacy of four different entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) formulations together single study—i.e., Green Muscle, Guard, Metarhizium anisopliae, and an isolate Beauveria bassiana (isolate WG-11)—against nymphs adults desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae). We conducted several studies: (a) lethal bioassay against ...

Landfill waste is a common problem as it has an economic and environmental impact even if it is closed. Landfill waste contains a high density of various persistent compounds such as heavy metals, organic and inorganic materials. As persistent compounds are slowly-degradable or even non-degradable in the environment, they often produce sublethal or even lethal effects on aquatic organisms. The ...

Laboratory research in toxicology has progressed far beyond reliance on measures of mortality to make use of sophisticated behavioral preparations that can evaluate the consequences of sublethal toxicant exposure. In contrast, field studies have not evolved as rapidly. Approaches developed by experimental psychologists and ethologists provide powerful and complementary methodologies to the stud...