A combined BEM-FEM model has been developed to simulate the dynamic interaction between non-linear waves and an impermeable seawall with a submerged rubble toe over a sand seabed. A poro-elastic finite element model has been developed and used under the surface pressure computed by the BEM-FEM model. Modified Navier-Stokes equations are used to solve the flow inside the porous media and Biot's ...

The effects of climate change on coastal areas are expected to significantly influence the risk for port operations. In present work, a novel methodology quantitative assessment performances upgraded rubble-mound breakwaters under changing is proposed. For each considered upgrading option, failure probability related certain limit state calculated through implementation Monte Carlo (MC) simulat...

Physical model tests have been performed to study wave overtopping at rubble mound breakwaters, including breakwaters with a crest wall, berm, and wall berm. For structures protruding or stable limited information is available in literature even though walls berms clearly affect discharges. Adding an existing structure, increasing the height of adding width can be effective measures account for...