Activity recognition through smartphones has been proposed for a variety of applications. The orientation of the smartphone has a significant effect on the recognition accuracy; thus, researchers generally propose using features invariant to orientation or displacement to achieve this goal. However, those features reduce the capability of the recognition system to differentiate among some speci...

Air quality in underground spaces has seldom been evaluated in Korea. Accordingly, the current study recently evaluated asbestos exposure among Seoul metropolitan subway workers during the renovation of the subway's air-conditioning system. To identify possible routes of asbestos exposure, suspected sources, including gaskets, ceiling boards, ceiling materials, and dust settled inside ducts, we...

The Tokyo subway sarin attack was the second documented incident of nerve gas poisoning in Japan. Prior to the Tokyo subway sarin attack, there had never been such a large-scale disaster caused by nerve gas in peacetime history. This article provides details related to how the community emergency medical services (EMS) system responded from the viewpoint of disaster management, the problems enc...

Tobacco is a major public health issue. It is estimated that the annual deaths attributable to smoking are approximately 5 million and will double in 2025. Brazil has one of the highest smoking populations in the world (approximately 24 million adult smokers), thus representing an important public health concern. In 2008, we began a pragmatic intervention study aimed at promoting the use of a t...

During decades, the automatic train operation (ATO) system has been gradually adopted in many subway systems for its low-cost and intelligence. This article proposes two smart (STO) algorithms by integrating expert knowledge with reinforcement learning algorithms. Compared previous works, proposed can realize control of continuous action optimize multiple critical objectives without using an of...