Sixteen high-resolution ice-core records from West Antarctica and South Pole are used to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of sulfate for the last 200 years. The preservation of seasonal layers throughout the length of each record results in a dating accuracy of better than 1 year based on known global-scale volcanic events. A dual transport source for West Antarctic sea-salt (ss) S...

[1] Data from 24-hour bulk filter samples collected by the AIRMAP program were used to estimate aerosol acidity at a site in New England. The sampling site, Thompson Farm in Durham, New Hampshire, is situated 15 km inland from the Atlantic Ocean. The aerosol chemical composition in this area is dominated by sulfate (SO4 2 ) and ammonium (NH4 ) and aerosols that are weakly acidic, most likely be...

The effects of continuous stress and intermittent stress at short intervals on rat hypothalamic noradrenaline (NA) release were assessed by measuring the levels of a principal metabolite of NA, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) in male Wistar rats. The rats were exposed to one of five restraint stress conditions, unstressed (control), six 15 min intermittent stress per...

Left ventricles from rat hearts were perfused through the coronary blood vessels for periods up to 90 minutes with solution containing radioactively labeled sulfate, sucrose, urea, glycerol, or chloride. Urea and glycerol equilibrate with all of tissue water. By contrast, SO4 and sucroseC equilibrate very rapidly with 40% of total water and slowly with an additional 20%; they are excluded from ...

BACKGROUND In this study, we investigate the effects of valerian root extracts (VE) on physical and psychological stress responses by utilizing a communication box. METHODS Eight-week-old ICR mice received oral administration of VE (100 mg/kg/0.5 ml) or equal volume of distilled water in every day for 3 weeks prior to being subjected to physical or psychological stress for 3 days, which are i...

The aim of the study was to compare sulfate fertilizers and mixtures elemental sulfur (S0) in terms yield nitrogen (N) (S) status perennial ryegrass. Mixtures S0 can reduce consumption alone. plants were grown soil cultures. supplemented with S0, K2SO4, MgSO4, (NH4)SO4 or a mixture these salts So. Two doses applied ryegrass harvested three times. Fresh dry weights each swath, N S content, their...

Here we present the carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic (DIC) and sulfur sulfate, along with changes in sulfate concentrations, pore fluid collected from a series sediment cores located depth transect on Iberian Margin. We use these data to explore coupling microbial reduction (MSR) organic oxidation uppermost (up nine meters) sediment. argue that combined composition, DIC respec...

Introduction: Almost all flow models for martian gullies to date have assumed liquids that exhibit viscosities on the order of 1 cP (10 Pa.s) such as pure water [1,2] and liquid carbon dioxide [3]. Alternatively, salt solutions have been suggested based on thermodynamic and kinetic arguments as a way to stabilize liquid water in present day martian conditions [4,5]. We have recently proposed th...