The Calf Antibiotic and Sulfonamide Test (CAST), a microbial inhibition screening test, was developed for detecting antibiotics and sulfonamides in bob veal calf carcasses. The test uses Bacillus megaterium ATCC 9885 as the indicator organism and Mueller Hinton agar as the growth medium. Compared to Swab Test on Premises (STOP), developed in 1970, this screening test has higher sensitivity and ...

Structural analyses of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) active site and inhibitor complexes have aided in optimization of a peptide inhibitor containing the novel (S)-isothiazolidinone (IZD) phosphonate mimetic. Potency and permeability were simultaneously improved by replacing the polar peptidic backbone of the inhibitor with nonpeptidic moieties. The C-terminal primary amide was re...

The interaction of sulfonamide antimicrobial agents with smectite clay minerals and humic acid (HA)-clay complexes was investigated in batch experiments to assess the influence of adsorbed humic acid on sulfonamide sorption. Soil HA-clay complexes were produced at HA:clay ratios of 1:5, 1:50, and 1:100 (w/w). Vibrational and electronic spectroscopy indicated the preferential adsorption of polar...

,YIn a previous study (Sevag and Gots, 1948) on the effects of various drugs on the pneumococcal dehydrogenase systems it was found that, whereas acriflavine, atabrine, propamidine, and optochin could inhibit these systems, high concentrations of sulfonamides had no effect. Other investigators (Mellon aind Bambas, 1937; Brazda and Rice, 1942; Fox, 1942; Clifton and Loewinger, 1943) have reporte...

The hydroxyl radical induced decomposition of sulfonamide type antibiotics in dilute aqueous solutions was studied by a wide variety of analytical techniques. The degradation products were identified by LC/MS-MS, GC-MS, and ion chromatography. A new LC/MS-MS multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) database was set up for further identification purposes. ICP-MS, COD, BOD and TOC measurements were us...

T WO general hypotheses have been postulated to explain the origin of drug-resistant strains of bacteria. These hfiotheses are: (I) Resistant cells arise by mutation and are selected when grown in the presence of drugs. (2) Resistance is the result of a specific adaptation of bacteria in response to inhibiting agents. Resistance of Escherickia coli to bacteriophage (LTJRIA and DELBR~CK, 1943) r...

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose a widespread concern for human health and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be major source of ARG transmission. In this paper, the potential hosts genetic characteristics ARGs in influent, activated sludge effluent WWTPs Xinjiang were studied by metagenomics. Bacitracin gene (bacA), beta-lactamase (class A beta-lactamase), multidrug (...

Abstract Aziridines derived from bioactive molecules may have unique pharmacological activities, making them used in pharmacology (e.g. mitomycin C). Furthermore, the substitution of epoxide moiety epothilone B with aziridine, an analogue epoxides, yielded a pronounced enhancement its anticancer efficacy. Thus, there is interest developing novel synthetic technologies to produce aziridines mole...