Primary marine aerosols (PMAs) are an important source of cloud condensation nuclei, and one of the key elements of the remote marine radiative budget. Changes occurring in the rapidly warming Arctic, most importantly the decreasing sea ice extent, will alter PMA production and hence the Arctic climate through a set of feedback processes. In light of this, laboratory experiments with Arctic Oce...

[1] Observations over the outer shelf and shelf break off the northeastern coast of Taiwan indicate a curious seasonal variability of upwelling. At deeper levels 100 m below the surface, upwelling is most intense in summer but weaker in winter. Nearer the surface at approximately 30 m below the surface, the opposite is true and the upwelling is stronger in winter than in summer. Results from a ...

Mass size distributions of ambient aerosol were measured in Zabrze, a heavily industrialized city of Poland, during a summer and a winter season. The chemical analyses of the surface layer of PM(10), PM(2.5) and PM(1) in this area were also performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results suggested that the influence of an atmospheric aerosol on the health condition of Zabrze reside...

Six adult castrated male red deer (Cervus elaphus), fitted with rumen cannulas, were offered chaffed lucerne hay ad lib. during winter and summer, with voluntary food intake (VFI) being respectively 59 and 89 g dry matter intake (DMI)/kg bodyweight 0.75 per d. The same animals were also offered the same feed during summer, with intake restricted to that of winter VFI. The apparent digestibility...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with almost all plants in nature and are ubiquitous. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi status of 10 wild herb and shrub was investigated during winter and summer season in Pine forest of himalaya(HP). The herbs and shrubs investigated for studied are: Reinwardtia indica, Berberis lycium, Viola serpens,Taraxacum officinale, Caryopteris wallichiana...

Since its discovery in the winter of 2005-2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) has killed over one million little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) in the American northeast. Although many studies have reported die-offs of bats at winter hibernacula, it is important to understand how bat mortality linked to WNS at winter hibernacula affects bat activity levels in their summer ranges. In the summer (May-...

We measured activity levels, oxygen consumption, metabolic enzyme activity, breathing frequency, heart rate and blood chemistry variables of juvenile green turtles exposed to a laboratory simulation of subtropical winter and summer temperatures (17-26 degrees C) and photoperiod (10.25 h:13.75 h to 14 h:10 h light:dark). The activity level of turtles had a significant effect on oxygen consumptio...

UNLABELLED Chymotrypsin digestion and Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were used to study the structural stability of myosin rods prepared from silver carp in summer and winter. Differences in the thermal stability were clearly demonstrated by the chymotryptic digestion patterns and CD data obtained at pH 7.5 in 0.5 M KCl for myosin rods in both seasons, indicating the structural properties...

The physiology of small mammalian hibernators shifts profoundly over a year, from summer homeothermy to winter heterothermy. Torpor-arousal cycles define high-amplitude tissue activity fluctuations in winter, particularly for skeletal muscle, which contributes to the energetically demanding rewarming process via shivering. To better understand the biochemistry underlying summer-winter and torpo...