Little is known about the effects of common cooking processes on cocoa flavanols. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenols (TP), flavanol monomers, and procyanidin oligomers were determined in chocolate frosting, a hot cocoa drink, chocolate cookies, and chocolate cake made with natural cocoa powder. Recoveries of antioxidant activity, TP, flavanol monomers, and procyanidins ranged from 86% to o...

Participants' eye movements were recorded as they inspected a semi-realistic visual scene showing a boy, a cake, and various distractor objects. Whilst viewing this scene, they heard sentences such as `the boy will move the cake' or `the boy will eat the cake'. The cake was the only edible object portrayed in the scene. In each of two experiments, the onset of saccadic eye movements to the targ...

Identifying the best inbred combinations for the development of commercial hybrid of sunflower remains the main challenge to sunflower breeders. In the present research the level of heterosis of F1 hybrids, genetic diversity of parental lines based on SSR markers, as well as its connection with specific combining ability of sunflower were studied. Ten sunflower elite inbred lines (3 restorer li...

We analyze a class of proportional cake-cutting algorithms that use a minimal number of cuts (n − 1 if there are n players) to divide a cake that the players value along one dimension. While these algorithms may not produce an envy-free or efficient allocation—as these terms are used in the fair-division literature—one, divide-and-conquer (D&C), minimizes the maximum number of players that any ...

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil remains under-utilised albeit one of the major seed oils produced world-wide. Moreover, the high oleic sunflower varieties make the oil attractive for applications requiring high temperature processes and those targeting the C=C double bond functionality. Herein an overview of the recent developments in olefin metathesis of sunflower-based feedstocks is pres...

CMC polymer is used as an additive to decrease water loss and mud-cake-thickness in mud drilling. In this study, the effect of CMC and CMC nanoparticles on water loss and mud-cake-thickness in mud drilling is investigated. CMC nanoparticles are made by using of ball milling and their size is measured by Particle size analyzer. CMC and CMC nanoparticles which were prepared by Hamilton batch mixe...

This experiment investigated the effect of olive cake in the feed of weaned Pramenka lambs on their daily gain, carcass traits and on the chemical composition of different groups of muscles. For that purpose, 45 male lambs were divided into three groups with 15 lambs each and fed separately for 50 days. The first group (control) was fed a commercial concentrate, while the second and third (test...

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of catecholamines and their relationship to beef quality in Nguni steers fed on Acacia karroo leaves. A total of 30 19-month-old steers were randomly assigned to A. karroo leaves (AK), sunflower cake (SF) and the control with no supplement (CN) diets. The AK and SF diets provided the steers with an additional 150 g of protein per day for 6...

We characterize methods of dividing a cake between two bidders in a way that is incentive-compatible and Pareto-efficient. In our cake cutting model, each bidder desires a subset of the cake (with a uniform value over this subset), and is allocated some subset. Our characterization proceeds via reducing to a simple one-dimensional version of the problem, and yields, for example, a tight bound o...

Given a cake and two players with different measures of cake value, we describe a practical procedure that yields a superfair partition. That is, each player receives more than half of the cake, according to his measure. The players need not reveal their measures, and the procedure resists strategic play. The procedure is easily modified to partition something undesirable (a “chore”) in a super...