INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to create reference values for jitter measured with concentric needle electrodes. METHODS Operators worldwide contributed recordings from orbicularis oculi (OO), frontalis (FR), and extensor digitorum (ED) muscles in healthy controls. Criteria for acceptable signal quality were agreed upon in advance. Fifteen or 20 recordings of acceptable quality from e...

Most patients with advanced liver disease have a normal or even supernormal ejection fraction judged by echocardiography. Thus, physicians previously assumed that cardiac function was normal in most patients with liver disease. However, further investigation has uncovered multiple problems in cardiac performance that place patients at risk of heart failure. Patients with liver disease have defe...

Cardiovascular physiologic remodeling associated with athleticism may mimic many of the features of genetic and acquired heart disease. The most pervasive dilemma is distinguishing between normal and abnormal physiologic remodeling in an athlete's heart. Imaging examinations, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which focus predominantly on anatomy, and electrocardiograph...

Managed care organizations (MCOs), as insurance entities, should be liable under contract for inappropriate denial of coverage, whereas treatment errors should be conventional malpractice claims against physicians. Most MCOs are loose networks of independent practices that lack the requisite information or technology to improve care. Holding such MCOs vicariously liable for their physicians’ ne...

Supernormality refers to the tendency to systematically deny the presence of common symptoms (e.g., intrusive thoughts). The current article describes the psychometric qualities of a 37-item self-report measure of supernormality (i.e., Supernormality Scale; SS). The SS was administered to nonclinical individuals (n1⁄4 95), noncriminal psychiatric patients (n1⁄4 28), nonpsychiatric delinquents (...

Children with congenital aortic stenosis have "excessive" left ventricular hypertrophy with reduced resting systolic wall stress that allows for supernormal ejection performance. If aortic stenosis is uncorrected, this pattern persists until adulthood. The effect of removing the aortic pressure gradient on left ventricular hypertrophy and wall stress in children with congenital aortic stenosis ...

Excitability changes following a nerve impulse were studied in the rat tail. Supernormal nerve excitability in control animals was present, as in other vertebrate nerve fibres, from 4-30 ms and was followed by a period of subnormal excitability extending up to 100-200 ms. Two to seven hours after intravenous administration of 1.5 mg/kg deltamethrin, supernormality was increased in degree and pr...

Action potentials conducted along a nerve fiber leave in their wake consistent alterations in excitability, including the absolute and relative refractory periods, a supernormal period (SNP) and a late phase of subnormality. We describe an automated technique for reliably determining the recovery cycle of human sensory nerve fibers by delivering series of paired stimuli and precisely measuring ...

different angle from the angle of Types. In both cases there is no detailed analysis of the process, or part of the process, going on in a patient. It is true that the Psychology of the Unconscious dealt with clinical material but it dealt with a neurotic process which individuation is not, it is normal or supernormal. Though it could never be said that Professor Jung's previous books were not ...

Cerebrovascular autoregulation and CO2 reactivity were measured repeatedly in 3 patients with the multiple system atrophy type of autonomic insufficiency (Shy-Drager syndrome) by means of the 133Xe injection method. The degree of cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysautoregulation showed day-to-day variations in 2 of the 3 patients. The CO2 reactivity was normal or supernormal in the supine position in...